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材料导报  2025, Vol. 39 Issue (9): 24070200-7    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24070200
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
锂离子电池负极极片干燥开裂机理与影响因素研究综述
姚洁丽1, 伍小波1,2,*, 刘紫鹏1, 唐繁荣1, 廖常平1
1 湖南工业大学材料与先进制造学院,湖南 株洲 412007
2 中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室,长沙 410083
A Review of Cracking Mechanisms and Impact Factors in Lithium-ion Battery Anode Electrode During Drying Process
YAO Jieli1, WU Xiaobo1,2,*, LIU Zipeng1, TANG Fanrong1, LIAO Changping1
1 School of Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, Hunan, China
2 The Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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摘要 将石墨负极胶体分散体浆料涂覆在无孔刚性基底上并干燥时,干燥过程中产生的各种应力可能会使薄膜出现裂纹。这些裂纹会影响电池性能,加速电池损伤,缩短电池寿命。因此,掌握裂纹特性及其形成机制是防止极片开裂的关键。目前尽管已有众多关于胶体分散体薄膜干燥开裂的研究和模型,但对电池极片开裂行为的探讨却相对匮乏。本文系统地揭示了极片在干燥过程中的开裂机理及影响因素,深入剖析了极片微观结构变化与内应力发展的模型,并概述了极片干燥开裂的研究进展。研究表明,毛细管压力引发的应力是导致干燥开裂的主因,这一过程主要受极片材料特性和薄膜边界条件的影响。同时,本文还对抑制极片干燥开裂的技术挑战进行了展望,以期为解决极片开裂问题提供有价值的参考和启示。
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姚洁丽
伍小波
刘紫鹏
唐繁荣
廖常平
关键词:  锂离子电池  干燥开裂  开裂机理  涂层裂纹  抑制极片开裂    
Abstract: When the graphite anode colloidal dispersion slurry is coated onto a non-porous rigid substrate and dried, the stresses generated during the drying process may cause cracks in the film. These cracks can negatively impact battery performance, accelerate degradation, and shor-ten the battery’s lifespan. Therefore, understanding the crack characteristics and their formation mechanisms is crucial to preventing cracking of the electrode. While many studies and models have been conducted on the drying cracks of colloidal dispersion films, there is relatively little research on the cracking behavior of battery electrode pieces. This article systematically reveals the cracking mechanism and influencing factors during the drying process of electrode films, deeply analyzes the models of microstructural changes and internal stress development in electrode, and summarizes the progress in research on drying-induced cracking of electrode films. Studies have shown that the stress caused by capillary pressure is the main cause of drying-induced crack, which is mainly affected by the material properties of the electrode and the boundary conditions of the film. Additionally, this paper explores the technical challenges associated with inhibiting drying-induced cracking in the electrode, providing valuable insights for addressing the cracking issues in electrode manufacturing.
Key words:  lithium-ion battery    drying-induced cracking    cracking mechanism    coating cracks    suppressing electrode cracking
出版日期:  2025-05-10      发布日期:  2025-04-28
ZTFLH:  TM912  
基金资助: 湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ50187);国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1505901)
通讯作者:  *伍小波,湖南工业大学材料与先进制造学院讲师、硕士研究生导师;中南大学、天津大学校外硕士研究生导师。目前研究方向包括粉末冶金材料、锂电池负极材料、燃料电池电堆、炭/炭复合材料的制备与性能。wuxiaobo176@126.com   
作者简介:  姚洁丽,现为湖南工业大学材料与先进制造学院硕士研究生,在伍小波讲师的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为新能源材料性能与微观结构。
引用本文:    
姚洁丽, 伍小波, 刘紫鹏, 唐繁荣, 廖常平. 锂离子电池负极极片干燥开裂机理与影响因素研究综述[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(9): 24070200-7.
YAO Jieli, WU Xiaobo, LIU Zipeng, TANG Fanrong, LIAO Changping. A Review of Cracking Mechanisms and Impact Factors in Lithium-ion Battery Anode Electrode During Drying Process. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(9): 24070200-7.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24070200  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I9/24070200
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