水老化作用下叠层聚氨酯支座的微相分离机理与力学性能退化研究

doi:10.11896/cldb.25010201

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (2): 25010201-8 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25010201

高分子与聚合物基复合材料

水老化作用下叠层聚氨酯支座的微相分离机理与力学性能退化研究

于晓涛¹, 袁涌^1,*, 王思启²

1 华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院,武汉 430074
2 武汉工程大学土木工程与建筑学院,武汉 430205

Study on the Microphase Separation Mechanism and Mechanical Property Degradation of Laminated Polyurethane Bearings Subjected to Water Aging

YU Xiaotao¹, YUAN Yong^1,*, WANG Siqi²

1 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
2 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Engineering, Wuhan 430205, China

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摘要为探究水老化对聚氨酯隔震支座性能的影响,本研究通过水老化模拟实验,系统探究了水分子对聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)及叠层聚氨酯隔震支座(LPEB)的作用机理与力学性能的影响。结果表明,水分子渗透进入PUE基体后,无定形硬段微区崩塌并产生增塑效应,导致材料硬度与拉伸强度显著降低(分别下降3.4%和52%),而断裂伸长率因链段活动性增强有所提升。随着材料内外水分子浓度梯度趋于平衡,力学性能逐渐稳定。对于LPEB,水分子渗透显著降低了其刚度,竖向刚度与水平等效刚度分别降至未老化状态的10.3%和21.2%;当内外水分子达到动态平衡后,其力学性能亦趋于稳定。研究揭示了水诱导微相分离对聚氨酯基隔震系统长期耐久性的关键作用,可为湿热地区桥梁隔震支座的耐久性设计提供定量参考。

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关键词: 桥梁工程叠层聚氨酯支座水老化微相分离机理力学性能

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of water aging on the performance of polyurethane seismic isolation bearings, this study systematically investigated the water-aging effects on polyurethane elastomers (PUE) and laminated polyurethane elastomeric bearings(LPEB) through simulative experiments. The results revealed that water molecules permeated the PUE matrix, triggering the collapse of amorphous hard-segment microdomains and inducing a plasticization effect. This microstructural degradation led to a 52% reduction in tensile strength and a 3.4% decline in hardness, while the elongation at break increased due to enhanced segmental mobility. The mechanical properties stabilized as the water concentration gradient between the material’s interior and exterior equilibrated. For LPEB, water infiltration significantly compromised stiffness, with vertical stiffness and horizontal equivalent stiffness dropping to 10.3% and 21.2% of their initial values, respectively. Similar stabilization trends were observed in LPEB mechanical performance once dynamic water equilibrium was achieved. These findings highlight the critical role of water-induced microphase separation in governing the long-term durability of polyurethane-based seismic isolation systems, and provide a quantitative reference for the durability design of bridge seismic isolation bearings in hot and humid regions.

Key words: bridge engineering laminated polyurethane bearing water aging microphase separation mechanism mechanical property

出版日期: 2026-01-25 发布日期: 2026-01-27

ZTFLH:

TU533

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51778261)

通讯作者: *袁涌,博士,华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。目前主要从事结构隔震减震控制、信息化结构试验技术、结构防撞等方面的研究工作。yuanyonghuagong@gmail.com

作者简介: 于晓涛,华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院博士研究生,在袁涌教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为结构隔震减震控制、新型隔震材料及柔性电子材料。

引用本文:

于晓涛, 袁涌, 王思启. 水老化作用下叠层聚氨酯支座的微相分离机理与力学性能退化研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(2): 25010201-8.
YU Xiaotao, YUAN Yong, WANG Siqi. Study on the Microphase Separation Mechanism and Mechanical Property Degradation of Laminated Polyurethane Bearings Subjected to Water Aging. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(2): 25010201-8.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25010201 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/25010201

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