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材料导报  2022, Vol. 36 Issue (4): 20110035-11    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20110035
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
多孔吸声材料声学模型及其特征参数测试方法研究进展
于长帅1,2,3, 罗忠1,*, 骆海涛2,3, 何凤霞1
1 东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,沈阳 110819
2 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所机器人学国家重点实验室,沈阳 110016
3 中国科学院机器人与智能制造创新研究院,沈阳 110169
Research Progress on Acoustic Model of Porous Sound Absorbing Materials and Measurement Method of Its Characteristic Parameters
YU Changshuai1,2,3, LUO Zhong1,*, LUO Haitao2,3, HE Fengxia1
1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China
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摘要 噪声是载人航天器的重要环境因素之一,航天器环境噪声升高会直接影响航天员工作和休息,进而影响空间科学任务。然而,以往在轨运行的载人航天器存在较多噪声过大的问题,多孔吸声材料已经在国际空间站应用并取得良好的降噪效果,我国空间站预计2022年底建成,了解声学多孔材的声学模型以及吸声机理对我空间站运营阶段的降噪具有重要的意义。
基于刚性框架假设,多孔吸声材料声学等效模型分为经验模型和唯像模型,Delany-Bazley是常用的经验模型,采用此模型不能对多孔材料吸声的性能提供精确的预测,唯象模型考虑了声波在材料孔隙和空腔中的传播,可以准确预测吸声性能,因此Johnson-Champoux-Allard唯象模型被众多学者应用。流阻、孔隙率、曲率、粘胶特征长度和热特性长度等多孔材料声学特性参数是准确建立多孔材料Johnson-Champoux-Allard模型的关键,流阻测试方法包括直接气流法、声学阻抗管法、交流法和比较法;孔隙率的测试方法分为直接测试方法和声学阻抗管测试方法;曲率、粘性特征长度和热特性长度可以通过超声波进行直接测试,直接测量通常比较复杂、不太可靠并且具有破坏性,反演优化方法是获得多孔材料曲率、粘性特征长度和热特性长度的常用方法。
本文概述了多孔吸声材料在国际空间站的应用情况,综述了多孔吸声材料声学等效模型的研究进展,介绍了多孔吸声材料吸声原理、声学扰动基本方程以及声学属性参数的测试方法,重点介绍了多孔吸声材料声学等效模型中的经验模型和唯像模型,进而对多孔材料声学等效模型中的声学特征参数的测试方法进行详细论述。
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于长帅
罗忠
骆海涛
何凤霞
关键词:  载人航天  噪声  多孔吸声材料  声学模型  特征参数  阻抗管    
Abstract: Noise is an important environmental factor of manned spacecraft. The increase of spacecraft environmental noise can directly affect astronauts' work and rest, and then affect space science missions. However, there were many problems of excessive noise in the past manned spacecraft. Porous sound-absorbing materials have been applied in the international space station and achieved good noise reduction effect. The Chinese space station is expected to be built in 2022. Understanding the acoustic model and absorption mechanism of acoustic porous materials is of great significance to the application of noise reduction methods in the operation stage of our space station.
The acoustic equivalent model of porous sound-absorbing materials can be divided into empirical models and phenomenological models. The Delany-Bazley model is a commonly used empirical model, which can not provide accurate prediction. The phenomenological model considers the propagation of sound waves in the pores and cavities of materials. The Johnson-Champoux-Allard phenomenological model has been applied by many scholars. Acoustic characteristic parameters including airflow resistivity, porosity, tortuosity, viscous characteristic length and thermal characteristic length of a porous material are the key to establishing JCA model accurately. Airflow resistivity test methods include direct flow me-thod, acoustic impedance tube method, alternating current (AC) method and comparison methods. Porosity test methods are divided into direct test method and acoustic impedance tube test methods. Tortuosity, viscous characteristic length and thermal characteristic length can be directly measured by ultrasonic, and direct measurement is usually more complex, less reliable and destructive. The inversion optimization method is a common method to obtain tortuosity, viscous characteristic length and thermal characteristic length of a porous material.
This paper summarizes the application of porous materials in the international space station and the research progress of the acoustic equivalent model of porous materials, and introduces the sound absorption principle of porous materials, the basic equation of acoustic disturbance and the test methods of acoustic attribute parameters. It focuses on the empirical model and phenomenological model in the acoustic equivalent model of porous materials, and then analyzes the acoustic properties of porous materials in the acoustic equivalent model. The test methods of characteristic parameters are discussed in detail.
Key words:  manned spaceflight    noise    porous materials    equivalent model    characteristic parameters    impedance tube
出版日期:  2022-02-25      发布日期:  2022-02-28
ZTFLH:  TB535+.1  
基金资助: 辽宁省自然基金资助计划(2020-MS-029)
通讯作者:  zhluo@mail.neu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  于长帅,2013年毕业于东北大学,获得工学学士学位,2015年毕业于东北大学,获得工学硕士学位,2019年考入东北大学工程博士。2015年7月至今,就职于中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所,职称为助理研究员,研究方向为振动噪声测试与控制方法。
罗忠,东北大学机械工程与自动化学院教授、博士研究生导师,副院长。“航空动力装备振动及控制”教育部国防重点实验室副主任,主要从事机械动力学与控制方面的理论和试验研究工作。主编和参与撰写著作、机械设计手册和教材等12部,授权国家发明专利17项、软件著作权登记15项,获得教育部科技进步二等奖1项(排名第四)。以第一作者或通讯作者发表学术论文120余篇,其中SCI论文30余篇。
引用本文:    
于长帅, 罗忠, 骆海涛, 何凤霞. 多孔吸声材料声学模型及其特征参数测试方法研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(4): 20110035-11.
YU Changshuai, LUO Zhong, LUO Haitao, HE Fengxia. Research Progress on Acoustic Model of Porous Sound Absorbing Materials and Measurement Method of Its Characteristic Parameters. Materials Reports, 2022, 36(4): 20110035-11.
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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20110035  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2022/V36/I4/20110035
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