二氧化碳电化学还原技术研究进展

材料导报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (z1): 102-107

无机非金属及其复合材料

二氧化碳电化学还原技术研究进展

钱鑫^1,2, 邓丽芳¹, 王鲁丰^1,2, 单锐¹, 袁浩然^1,2

1 中国科学院广州能源研究所,中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室,广州 510640
2 中国科学技术大学纳米科学与技术学院,苏州 215123

Recent Progress in the Electrochemical Reduction Technology of Carbon Dioxide

QIAN Xin^1,2, DENG Lifang¹, WANG Lufeng^1,2, SHAN Rui¹, YUAN Haoran^1,2

1 CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
2Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123

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摘要二氧化碳(CO₂)随着不可再生的煤炭、石油、天然气等传统化石燃料的急剧消耗而大量排放于大气中,是造成全球变暖、环境污染等问题的主要温室气体,也是储量丰富、可再生且廉价易得的碳资源。将CO₂看作取之不尽、用之不竭的碳源,并将其转化成具有高附加值的化工产品,可实现变废为宝。目前,CO₂的资源化利用技术包括热化学还原、光化学还原、光电催化还原、电化学还原等方法。其中电化学还原技术由于反应条件温和、使用清洁能源、催化效率高、可合成多种含碳化合物和能够通过控制电解条件调控目标产物等优势而受到研究者的广泛关注,其问题在于产物选择性低、催化剂活性低且制备困难、价格昂贵。本文重点介绍CO₂电化学还原技术反应机理,讨论电极、电解质、催化剂等因素对CO₂电化学还原的影响,概述用于CO₂电化学还原的催化剂的研究进展,并对今后的发展趋势进行展望。
自从高熵合金的概念提出以后,广大的科研工作者投身到高熵合金的研究工作之中,先后研究了传统高熵合金、难熔高熵合金和复合高熵合金等的组织结构、性能特点和制备工艺,为高熵合金的设计提供了大量的数据支持。此外,“混乱理论”、高熵合金设计参数、第一性原理等理论的提出进一步丰富了高熵合金的理论基础。
本文介绍了高熵合金的基本理论和特点,重点论述了高熵合金的设计理论和方法。总结了高熵合金在热力学和动力学上的形成条件,并根据研究现状对高熵合金进行分类,分析了组分元素的种类和配比对高熵合金组织结构以及性能特点的影响,综述了高熵合金计算机模拟方法的基本理论和计算模型,总结了其在性能预测上的应用。最后展望了高熵合金设计的研究方向和发展前景。

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关键词: 二氧化碳电化学还原催化剂反应机理

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas which is released into the atmosphere along with the rapid consumption of coal, oil, natural gas and other traditional fossil fuels, causing global warming, environmental pollution and other problems. As an inexhaustible resource, carbon dio-xide could be turned into high value-added chemical products. Nowadays, thermochemical reduction, photochemical reduction, photoelectrocatalytic reduction and electrochemical reduction are widely used for the resource utilization of carbon dioxide. Among them, electrochemical reduction considered to be a green and promising CO₂ disposal method has attracted great attention because of its mild reaction conditions, using of clean energy, a high catalytic efficiency, capable of synthesizing variety of carbon-containing compounds, and able to regulate the target products by controlling the electrolytic conditions. However, high energy consumption, low product selectivity, low catalyst activity and the high price of catalyst limited its extensive application. This study first introduces the general principles of carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction. Next, the influe-nce factors of electrochemical reduction such as electrodes, electrolytes and catalysts has been discussed, and the latest progress relating to electrocatalytic catalysts has been reviewed also. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of carbon dioxide electrochemical have been presented.

Key words: carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction electrocatalyst reaction mechanism

出版日期: 2019-05-25 发布日期: 2019-07-05

ZTFLH:

X511

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51606200);广东省自然科学基金(2017A030310014);东莞市引进创新创业领军人才

作者简介: 钱鑫,2017年6月毕业于安徽师范大学,获得理学学士学位。现为中国科学技术大学纳米科学与技术学院与中国科学院广州能源研究所联合培养的硕士研究生,在袁浩然研究员、邓丽芳副研究员和魏开举副教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为固体废弃功能化转化和二氧化碳电化学还原。袁浩然,中国科学院广州能源研究所研究员,博士研究生导师。yuanhaoran81@gmail.com

引用本文:

钱鑫, 邓丽芳, 王鲁丰, 单锐, 袁浩然. 二氧化碳电化学还原技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(z1): 102-107.
QIAN Xin, DENG Lifang, WANG Lufeng, SHAN Rui, YUAN Haoran. Recent Progress in the Electrochemical Reduction Technology of Carbon Dioxide. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(z1): 102-107.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/ 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2019/V33/Iz1/102

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