Recent Advances on Shape-controlled Pt-based Noble-metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
HAO Jiayu1, LIU Yisi2, LI Wenzhang1,3,4, LI Jie1,3,4
1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083 2 Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada 3 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083 4 Hunan Key Laboratory for Metallurgy and Material Processing of Rare Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083
Abstract: Metal-air batteries are pertained to an environment-friendly fuel cell with metal fuel as active substance for cathode and oxygen in air as active substance for anode, which directly convert chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into electric energy via electrochemical reaction rather than combustion reactions. The successful operation of metal-air batteries highly relies on efficient air-electrode, the high overpotential generated during the oxygen reduction has seriously restricted their widespread application. To cure the above problem, the air-electrode generally utilizes noble-metal Pt/C electrocatalyst to trigger the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as close to the reversible conditions as possible (i.e. with an overpotential as close to zero as possible).Searching for more efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for ORR is presently an urgent task of study. Common oxygen reduction catalysts mainly include Pt-based noble metals, transition metal oxides and sulfides, and carbon-based composites, etc. Among them, Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts are the state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for ORR. The continuous development of chemical synthesis methods contribute to the prosperity of research in Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts with heterogeneous structures, which exhibit excellent catalytic activity due to the synergistic effect. Currently researches on Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts mainly revolve round the following two aspects. Ⅰ. Explore the relationship between catalytic activity and elemental composition or atomic arrangement of Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts, for instance, the mechanistic basis of the interaction of the Miller indices of Pt single namocrystal and its catalytic activity. Ⅱ. Design unique structure to optimize catalytic activity and reduce the costs for Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts. For example, depositing a thin Pt-based shell on an inexpensive core can remarkably ameliorate the catalytic efficiency of Pt atoms. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in shape-controlled Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts for ORR, with a particular concern over Pt polyhedra, Pt alloys polyhedra, and Pt-based catalysts with unique structure. Furthermore, the thermodynamics and kinetics of ORR are expounds, aiming at providing a better understanding of catalytic mechanism of oxygen reduction. As is known to all, the morphology of Pt-based noble-metal electrocatalysts exert a serious influence on their activity, therefore, the growth mechanisms of noble-metal nanocrystals are illustrated as well for better explaining the principles of morphology design and synthesis. Eventually, the future development direction of Pt-based noble-metal oxygen reduction catalysts is prospected.
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2019, Vol. 33 
