Toluene Removal from Waste Gas by modified Activated Carbon: a Review
LI Rui1, SHI Yuzhen1, NING Ping1, GU Junjie1, GUAN Qingqing1, GENG Ruiwen2, mENG Fanfan3
1 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500 2 Faculty of mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500 3 Yunnan Beikong Enterprises Water Group Limited,Kunming 650500
Abstract: As a toxic volatile organic compound, toluene can cause serious harm to the environment.Activated carbon adsorption is a classic process for toluene removal, nevertheless, common ordinary activated carbon usually suffered from high ash content, poor adsorption selectivity, uneven pore size distribution and limited surface functional groups.For the sake of acquiring higher efficiency and selectivity in adsorption of target substances, modification of activated carbon should be conducted inevitably.Numerous attempts have been made by researchers to figure out the optimal modification method, which concern the selection of the appropriate modification substance, processing technology, operating conditions and the dosage of modifier. At present, the primary modification methods of activated carbon mainly include acid and alkali modification, loading ofheteroatoms and compounds, low temperature plasma modification, and microwave modification etc.In terms of acid and alkali modification, it can reduce the ash content by removing the acid and alkali soluble substances in activated carbon, thus enlarging the specific area and pore volume of activated carbon.Different from acid modification, alkali modification can increase the number of basic functional groups on the surface of activated carbon, enhance the surface π-π dispersion force to further improve the overall non-polarity, which is beneficial to the adsorption of weakly polar toluene.Considering the loading of heteroatoms and compounds, it utilizes the complexation between heteroatoms/compounds and toluene to significantly improve the adsorption ability of activated carbon.However, excessive loading of heteroatoms and compounds will be likely to block the pore channels and reduce the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for toluene.The low temperature plasma modification features low energy consumption, higher efficiency and wide application range, which is regarded as a novel environment-friendly technique for toluene removal.It can not only improve the surface chemistry properties, but also affect the interfacial physical properties.Therefore, low temperature plasma modification exhibits a promising prospect in the field of toluene removal.Regarding to microwave modification, more active sites can be generated on the surface of activated carbon thanks to the microwave energy.With the introduction of reducing gas, the acidic functional groups on the surface of activated carbon could also be decomposed and the alkalinity can be enhanced as well.microwave heating can remove impurities in the pores of activated carbon, whereas, with the increase of temperature, the carbon skeleton will shrink, which is not conducive to the adsorption.In particular, the power of microwave irradiation, the concentration of the modifier and the irradiation duration are the key factors to be controlled in microwave modification. In this article, the research progress of adsorption of toluene by activated carbon and modified activated carbon is reviewed.The adsorption performances and mechanisms of various modified activated carbon for toluene are investigated by comparing and analyzing their isothermal adsorption models.It is demonstrated that the specific surface area, channel structure and surface chemistry properties are the main factors that affect the adsorption performances.The influence of various modification methods on the physical and chemical properties of activated carbon are discussed, which is of great significance to improve the adsorption efficiency and lay a theoretical foundation for developing more efficient modified activated carbon in toluene removal.Finally, the problems remain to be solved and future trend for activated carbon modification are put forward, which provided a valuable information for further study and industrial application.
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2019, Vol. 33 
