Abstract: Aerogels are highly porous light-weight solid materials with unique three-dimensional network structures constructed from colloid particles or polymer molecules, and the whole nanoporous network of aerogels is filled with air. The particles and pore size of aerogels are of nanometer magnitude. Thanks to their high specific surface area and porosity, adjustable open pore structure, easiness of chemical modification and diverse types/forms, the aerogels have received considerable attention as adsorbents for gas purification. The adsorption capacity of aerogels can be two orders of magnitude higher than that of activated carbons under the same condition. Currently, SiO2 aerogels and carbon aerogels are the main research objects in the field of gas adsorption and purification. In addition, metal oxide aerogels and novel aerogels such as SiC aerogels, graphene aerogels and biomass-based aerogels have also been explored for gas adsorption application recently. The adsorption materials should possess high adsorption capacity and good selectivity for target gases. Although the high specific surface area and porosity of aerogels provide numerous adsorption sites, the adsorption capacity for gases is usually limited only depending on their own physical adsorption and selectivity is unsatisfactory as well. Besides, the adsorption performance of the target gas is often badly affected by the competitive adsorption of the coexisting gas components in practical application. Therefore, aiming to further enhance the adsorption capacity of aerogels and improve the selectivity of target gases, huge researches have carried out around the modification of aerogels and certain progress has been made. Currently, target gases reported in the aforementioned researches mainly include the major greenhouse gas CO2 and atmospheric pollutants volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Several methods have been proposed to improve the capacity and selectivity of aerogels. For CO2 adsorption, aerogels are principally modified by amino-functionalization and nitrogen-doping to introduce basic sites on the surfaces; and for VOCs adsorption, non-polar organic functional groups are commonly introduced to increase their surface hydrophobicity. The modification methods can be divided into the following two types. One is to functionalize the aerogel surface by graf-ting and impregnation after wet gel formation or supercritical drying, and the adsorption capacity and selectivity of aerogel to target gas can be enhanced by introducing specific functional groups or active components. The other is to introduce functionalized precursors in the sol-gel process which gives the aerogel network specific properties at molecular or nano scale, thus effectively balancing the stability of the active component and the adsorption performance of the target gas. Moreover, the specific surface area, pore structure and surface chemical properties of carbon aerogels can be further improved through activation, and finally the adsorption performance of target gas pollutants can be optimized. This review offers a retrospection of the research efforts for the application of different aerogels in CO2 and VOCs adsorption. Firstly, the general preparation process and structural characteristics of aerogels are briefly introduced. Then, the adsorption performances and mechanisms of various aerogels are mainly discussed, as well as the summary of primary methods of the aerogel modification. Based on the recent research progress, this review points out the focus of future research including improving the structural stability and adsorption rate of aerogels, designing aerogels capable of adsorbing multiple gases simultaneously, shortening the preparation period and lowering the cost.
王馨博, 栾志强, 李凯, 栗丽, 唐腾飞. 气凝胶在气体吸附净化中的应用研究进展[J]. 《材料导报》期刊社, 2018, 32(13): 2214-2222.
WANG Xinbo, LUAN Zhiqiang, LI Kai, LI Li, TANG Tengfei. Progress in Application of Aerogels as Adsorbents for Gas Purification. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(13): 2214-2222.
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2018, Vol. 32 
