Abstract: Coating is considered to be an effective surface modification technology by virtue of its wide material selection range and fine property adjus-tability, which is suitable for various working conditions and structural requirements, thus having found wide application in antifriction and wear-resistance of machine parts. Traditional single coating can be classified into anti-friction coating and wear-resistant coating. The former was prepared by graphite-like layer-structured lubricating materials that can reduce the friction coefficient of the friction pair but behave badly in the wear rate, whereas the properties of the latter prepared by high-hardness materials such as ceramics are completely adverse to the former’s. Hence neither of them can be effective in both friction reduction and wear resistance. With the continuous development of the machinery and aerospace, traditional coatings cannot attain the requirement of low friction coefficients and low wear rates under specific environments where traditio-nal lubricating oil is unavailable. Multilayer coatings ensure both lubrication and wear-resistance with proper material selection and layered structure design, and relevant researches offer significant insights in solving the critical issue of the inferior tribological properties of materials. The basic principle of designing the multilayer coatings is to prepare layer structured coatings with alternating soft and hard layers on the substrate via magnetron sputtering or the others, and the thickness of a monolayer is at micron and nanometer scale. The tribological properties of multilayer coatings depend on its own structural parameters and preparation process parameters. These two factors take effect by changing the crystalline state and mechanical properties of multilayer coatings. The current problem demanding prompt solution is to acquire the best tribological properties of friction reduction and wear resistance by optimizing structural parameters and technological parameters. Specifically, the following three aspects are the focus of current researches: The first is to control the grain growth and crystal orientation of multilayer coatings, the second is to improve the toughness of multilayer coatings and the third is to reduce the residual stress of multilayer coatings. Further improvement on tribological properties of multilayer coatings has been achieved by optimizing the structural and technological parameters which enables inhibited unfavorable factors and strengthened favorable factors. Sufficient investigations indicate that adjusting the thickness of monolayer in multilayer coatings can realize the evolution of crystalline state, and suppress the transformation of the crystal orientation. In addition, number of interfaces produced by the layered structure of multilayer coatings can absorb energy and inhibit or deflect crack propagation when the multilayer coatings are loaded with cracks. Therefore, the toughness of coatings can be optimized through introducing a high quality interface. Reducing the substrate bias is an effective method to control residual stress generated during coating preparation, and the accumulation of residual stress can be interrupted by layered structure of the multilayer coatings along sputtering process. According to the research results, there are optimal values for the factors affecting the tribological properties of multilayer coa-tings. Experimental datas reveal that the wear rate of dry friction in the atmospheric environment can be lowered to 3×10-10 mm3/(N·m), and the friction coefficient remains stable around 0.1. This paper summarizes the research status with respect to multilayer coatings, and mainly analyzes from three aspects: design principles (including influence factors and control methods), performance characterization and detection methods, and recent research outputs. We then pay attention to the inadequacy of previous researches and the prospective research directions in the future, and expect our review to provide refe-rences for relevant scholars.
郑晓猛, 张永振, 杜三明, 刘建, 杨正海, 逄显娟. 减摩耐磨多层膜设计及研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(3): 444-453.
ZHENG Xiaomeng, ZHANG Yongzhen, DU Sanming, LIU Jian, YANG Zhenghai, PANG Xianjuan. A Review on Design and Research Progress of Antifriction and Wear-ResistantMultilayer Coatings. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(3): 444-453.
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2019, Vol. 33 
