难熔高熵合金的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.20070306

材料导报

2021, Vol. 35

Issue (17): 17064-17080 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20070306

高熵合金

难熔高熵合金的研究进展

陈刚, 罗涛, 沈书成, 陶韬, 唐啸天, 薛伟

湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙 410082

Research Progress in Refractory High-entropy Alloys

CHEN Gang, LUO Tao, SHEN Shucheng, TAO Tao, TANG Xiaotian, XUE Wei

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

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摘要高熵合金(HEAs),又称为多主元固溶体合金,其因独特的合金设计理念和优异的综合性能而引起国内外研究人员的普遍关注,逐渐成为金属材料领域的研究热点。难熔高熵合金(RHEAs)是基于难熔元素的高熵合金而设计开发的一种新型高温合金,与传统的高温合金相比,RHEAs具有更高的高温强度、高温抗氧化性能及高温相稳定性,在航空航天、石油化工等领域具有广阔的应用前景,自2010年被提出以来,已成为高熵合金研究领域的一个重要分支。
迄今为止,学者们主要将第4、5、6周期及第Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ副族的9种元素(Ti、V、Cr、Zr、Nb、Mo、Hf、Ta、W)以及Al、C、Co、Ni等附加元素作为难熔高熵合金的主元,形成了复杂多样的合金体系。已报道的合金体系有100多种,这些合金的相结构从单相BCC结构到BCC1+BCC2、BCC+Laves等两相再到多相结构,呈现出结构多样性,组织有枝晶、等轴晶以及共晶组织或形变孪晶组织等,由此得到的性能也各有所长。RHEAs的制备最先采用熔炼法,包括电弧熔炼和感应熔炼,要求在高纯保护气体下进行多次重熔。近年来也有研究采用粉末冶金法制备RHEAs,获得了颗粒尺寸细、成分较均匀的合金。此外,激光熔覆法、磁控溅射等也被引入到RHEAs的材料或涂层制备。可见,RHEAs在成分设计、制备工艺、相结构与微观组织、室温及高温性能等方面的研究正不断取得新的进展。
本文综述了近年来国内外RHEAs的研究现状,就其主元组成、相结构和制备方法进行了系统的介绍,并归纳了包括密度和强塑性、高温抗氧化性以及耐磨耐蚀性等性能的演变规律,最后指出了RHEAs面临的挑战并提出未来研究重点的建议。

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关键词: 难熔高熵合金主元组成相结构强塑性高温抗氧化性

Abstract: High-entropy alloys (HEAs), also known as multi-principal component solid solution alloys, have attracted widely attention of scholars at home and abroad due to its unique alloy design concepts and excellent comprehensive properties, which have gradually become a research hot spot in the field of metal materials. Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) are thought to be a new type of superalloys designed and deve-loped based on HEAs of refractory elements. Compared with traditional high-temperature alloys, RHEAs have higher high-temperature strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance and high-temperature phase stability, implicating broad application prospects in the field of aerospace and petrochemical. Since it was proposed in 2010, RHEAs have become an important branch in the research field of HEAs.
So far, 4th, 5th, 6th periods and Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ subgroup of 9 elements (Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W) and additional elements, such as Al, C, Co, Ni, were used as principal component of RHEAs by scholars, and formed a complex alloy system. There are more than 100 alloy systems reported, the phase structure of these alloys ranges from single-phase BCC structure to double-phase, such as BCC1+BCC2, BCC+Laves, etc., and to multi-phase structure, showing structural diversity. The microstructure of RHEAs includes dendrite, equiaxed crystal, eutectic structure or deformation twin structure, etc., and the properties determined by microstructure have its own strong points. The preparation of RHEAs first adopted melting methods, including arc melting and induction melting, which required repeated remelting under high-purity protective gas. In recent years, research has also been conducted on the preparation of RHEAs by powder metallurgy, which has obtained fine particle size and relatively uniform composition. In addition, laser cladding, magnetron sputtering, etc. are also used to prepare materials or coatings for RHEAs. It can be seen that with the deepening of research, RHEAs are constantly making new progress in the research of composition design, preparation process, phase structure and microstructure, room temperature and high temperature performance.
In this review, according to the research status in RHEAs at home and abroad in the past few years, its principal composition, phase structure and preparation method were systematically introduced, and the evolution of RHEAs properties, including density, strength and plasticity, high-temperature oxidation resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, were summarized. Finally, it points out the challenges faced by RHEAs and puts forward suggestions on future research priorities.

Key words: refractory high-entropy alloys principal element composition phase structure strength and plasticity high-temperature oxidation resistance

发布日期: 2021-09-26

ZTFLH:

TB31

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51971091)

通讯作者: chengang811@163.com

作者简介: 陈刚,湖南大学,教授,博士研究生导师。2005年6月获得湖南大学材料加工工程博士学位,先后主持或参与了国家“863”、国家科技攻关项目、国家自然科学基金项目、部省级重点项目等40余项。在国内外学术期刊上发表论文80余篇,授权国家发明专利10余项,主要研究方向包括:快速凝固与喷射沉积、粉末冶金及金属注射成形、高熵合金及其涂层等。

引用本文:

陈刚, 罗涛, 沈书成, 陶韬, 唐啸天, 薛伟. 难熔高熵合金的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(17): 17064-17080.
CHEN Gang, LUO Tao, SHEN Shucheng, TAO Tao, TANG Xiaotian, XUE Wei. Research Progress in Refractory High-entropy Alloys. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(17): 17064-17080.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20070306 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I17/17064

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