Strategies in the Design of Zwitterionic Polymer Materials with Self-adaptive Transition Between Bactericidal and Anti-adhesive Functions
SUN Zhenlong1,2, ZHANG Zhenyan1,2, ZHOU Rongtao1,2, YAN Shunjie1,2, YIN Jinghua1,2
1 National Engineering Laboratory of Medical Implantable Devices, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai 264210, China 2 Key Laboratory for Medical Implantable Devices of Shandong Province, WEGO Holding Company Limited, Weihai 264210, China
Abstract: Zwitterionic polymers contain both anionic and cationic groups and exhibit strong hydration and good biocompatibility, which have been widely used in antifouling, drug carriers, sewage purification, anticoagulant materials and other fields. Self-adaptive materials based on zwitterionic polymers have become an important research direction for smart antibacterial area. The core design of smart zwitterionic polymers is introducing the responsive groups to their structure, rendering the transition between cationic state and the zwitterionic states under different external stimuli. Compared with the traditional antibacterial cationic polymers, the smart self-adaptive antibacterial zwitterionic polymers have the following advantages. First, self-adaptive zwitterionic polymers exhibit a good biological compatibility to normal tissue and cells under physiological conditions, automatically switch into a bactericidal state when bacteria infection occurs, and even the bactericidal state can be accordingly turned off. Second, zwitterionic polymer immobilizing on substrate can prevent the bacteria, protein and other contaminants from adhering to the surface, to avoid the reduction or even disappearance of the antibacterial functionality. In this review, the progress of the antibacterial zwitterionic materials with self-adaptive transition is reviewed. The main approaches to design such smart antibacterial materials responding to exogenous and endogenous stimuli are described, the conversion mechanism between cationic and zwitterionic states is also discussed,and the applications of zwitterionic materials in antibacterial area are introduced. Furthermore, the future development of zwitterionic antibacterial materials are prospected.
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