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材料导报  2021, Vol. 35 Issue (11): 11137-11144    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.20010128
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料研究进展
孙茗1, 庄景巍2, 邓海亮1,*, 陈子洋1, 斯松华1, 张瑞敏2
1 安徽工业大学,先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室,马鞍山 243002;
2 深圳阿尔泰克轻合金技术有限公司,深圳 518000
Reviews on the Study of Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Matrix Composites with High-temperature Anti-creep Behavior
SUN Ming1, ZHUANG Jingwei2, DENG Hailiang1,*, CHEN Ziyang1, SI Songhua1, ZHANG Ruimin2
1 Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui Univversity of Technology), Ministry of Education, Ma’anshan 243002, China;
2 Shenzhen Altech Novel Alloy Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China;
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摘要 铝合金结构或导体材料在高温环境下易发生蠕变现象,且性能随服役时间的延长而劣化,甚至发生结构破坏,导致灾难性事故的发生。因此,有效提高铝合金抗蠕变性能是其可应用于高温高载荷环境且保持优异性能的关键。目前,国内外主要通过稀土处理、合金化处理及添加增强体等方法细化铝合金晶粒,并在铝合金晶内和晶界处形成弥散分布、热稳定性高的析出相,采用细晶强化、析出强化、弥散强化、直接强化等机制钉扎晶内位错运动,抑制晶界移动,从而显著减缓铝合金的稳态蠕变速率,提升其抗蠕变性能。另外,可以通过构建蠕变性能与蠕变条件、微观结构、析出相特征之间的关系模型,预测铝合金的蠕变特性与服役寿命,为高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料的设计提供理论依据。
本文在铝合金蠕变行为分析基础上,针对扩散蠕变、晶界滑移和位错蠕变等高温蠕变机制,从稀土微合金化、多元微合金化及复合强化等方面入手,归纳了高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料的研究现状,揭示了高温蠕变性能的改善机制,并综述了蠕变理论模型构建及寿命预测方法的研究,同时分析了抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料研究中存在的问题与发展趋势。
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孙茗
庄景巍
邓海亮
陈子洋
斯松华
张瑞敏
关键词:  铝合金  铝基复合材料  蠕变性能  蠕变机制    
Abstract: Creep phenomenon is easily generated at high temperatures for aluminum alloys used as structural and conductor materials, which is further deteriorated with an increase of working time. Structural damage of aluminum alloys is even caused by creep, leading to a catastrophic fai-lure. Therefore, efficient improvement in the creep resistance is crucial for aluminum alloys applied in the environments with high temperatures and loads to keep their excellent properties. So far, rare earth treatment, alloying treatment, and adding of reinforcement are the methods to improve the creep resistance of aluminum alloys. The purpose is to refine alloy grains and precipitate high thermal-stability phases that are dispersed in the interior of grains and in grain boundaries. The mechanisms include fine grain strengthening, precipitation hardening, dispersion strengthening, and direct strengthening. These strengthening effects inhibit the glide of dislocations formed in crystal grains and sliding of crystal boundaries, resulting in an evident decrease of steady-state creep rate thereby improving the creep resistance. Others studies have focused on establishing the relatio-nal models between the creep properties and the creep conditions, microstructure and precipitates of aluminum alloys to predict the creep behavior and service life. The models can provide theoretical data which are favorable to the design of aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites showing excellent creep resistance at high temperatures.
This paper analyzes the creep behavior of aluminum alloys firstly. Focusing on the high-temperature creep mechanisms such as diffusion creep, grain boundary slip, and dislocation creep, the research progresses of anti-creep aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites are summarized according to the items of rare earth micro-alloying, multielement micro-alloying, and composite strengthening, etc. The improving mechanisms on high-temperature creep properties are simultaneously revealed. The studies on the establishment of creep theoretical models and prediction of creep life are also reviewed. The challenges and developments of anti-creep aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites are finally proposed basing on the above reviews.
Key words:  Aluminum alloy    Aluminum matrix composites    creep behavior    creep mechanism
               出版日期:  2021-06-10      发布日期:  2021-06-25
ZTFLH:  TB31  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51972002); 装备预研基金资助项目(JZX7Y20190262004901)
通讯作者:  *dhl221@126.com   
作者简介:  孙茗,2018年6月毕业于河北工程大学,获得工学学士学位。现为安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,在邓海亮教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为铝基复合材料。邓海亮,安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。2012年5月在西北工业大学材料学专业取得博士学位,2012—2017年在西安航天复合材料研究所从事超高温复合材料及其航空航天应用研究。主要研究领域为复合材料。近年来,在复合材料领域发表论文40余篇,包括Carbon、Materials Science and Engineering A、Journal of the European Ceramic Society、Tribology International、Wear和《新型炭材料》等。
引用本文:    
孙茗, 庄景巍, 邓海亮, 陈子洋, 斯松华, 张瑞敏. 高温抗蠕变铝合金及铝基复合材料研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(11): 11137-11144.
SUN Ming, ZHUANG Jingwei, DENG Hailiang, CHEN Ziyang, SI Songhua, ZHANG Ruimin. Reviews on the Study of Aluminum Alloys and Aluminum Matrix Composites with High-temperature Anti-creep Behavior. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(11): 11137-11144.
链接本文:  
http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.20010128  或          http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2021/V35/I11/11137
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