Advances on Carbon-based Non-noble Metal Electrocatalyst
WU Lei1,†, PENG Ben2,†, ZHOU Jun3,4, LIU Changbo2, YUE Changsheng2, TIAN Wei2, SONG Yonghui1,4, JIANG Lei5
1 School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Iron & Steel Industry Environmental Protection, Beijing 100088, China 3 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China 4 Research Centre of Metallurgical Engineering & Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710055, China 5 Shaanxi 185 Coal Field Geology Co., Ltd, Yulin 719000, China
Abstract: The technologies of new type battery and electrolytic water have the advantages of clean, high conversion efficiency and so on, which the key is hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or oxygen evolution reaction (OER) that happened on anode or cathode. With the discovery of new carbon materials, their properties and applications in electrocatalytic oxidation or reduction reactions have attracted the attention. In addition, non-noble metals have developed rapidly in the field of new energy. The research and development of electroca-talyst materials have gone through initial single precious metal material to carbon composite with advantages of high utilization, high activity, strong toxicity resistance and low cost. All aspects of carbon composite electrocatalyst on performance, structure, cost, preparation technology and others have been significantly developed, which greatly promotes the possibility of application. The key design of electrocatalyst is that increases the active site on catalyst surface and the movement of free electrons. The number of active sites on materials surface increases with the specific surface area, which can be controlled by the methods of changing the material shape, adjusting the particle size of material and preparing composite material. The movement of free electrons on the surface of material is improved by the structures of polycrystalline, core-shell and alloy. The new carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotube, porous carbon and others have the advantages of good stability, adjustable pore, high specific surface area, excellent conductivity, which are good composite matrix materials. The non-noble metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo with high catalytic active, good stability, strong toxicity resistance and low coat can be sui-tably employed as catalytic active component. The non-noble metal is loaded onto the new carbon matrix materials, resulting in increasing the asymmetric density of electrons of carbon nano-materials or breaking electric neutrality on the surface of carbon, which the more adsorption active sites are produced, and the free movement of π electrons is improved on the surface of SP2 hybridization carbon. Thus, the electron distribution and spatial structure of the composites are changed, which effectively improved the electrocatalytic activity of the composites. This review firstly offers advances of the research efforts with respect to the carbon based non-noble metal electrocatalyst between China and abroad, on the base of this retrospection, then contrastive analyzes the carbon matrix materials and active component of carbon based non-noble metal electrocatalyst, finally, concludes the developing advantages and existing problems, and prospects the bright future.
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2020, Vol. 34 
