Abstract: Immunochromatographic test strips (ICTSs) are a new type oftest strips based on immunochromatographic detection technology.Because of the combination of the high specificity of immunotechnology with the superior separation ability of chromatography, ICTSs have many advantages, such as portability, less time-consuming, relatively stable test results, low price and so on. At present, ICTSs are widely used in the detection of various biological molecules, chemical pollutants and infection factors. In recent years, the development of ICTSs has been greatly limited due to its low sensitivity, detection limit and specificity.The factor that primarily affects the performance of the test strips is the label used as a probe.In order to improve the performance of the test strips, researchers mainly explored two aspects: (ⅰ) signal amplification by adding enhancers to the test strips; (ⅱ) in addition to the commonly used colloidal gold, quantum dots and latex particles, new labels such as upconverting fluorescent particles, carbon nanoparticles, liposomes, magnetic nano-particles, and selenium nanoparticles to improve test strips performance were studied. At present, fruitful results have been achieved through these studies.Colloidal gold is one of the most commonly used probes in ICTSs. Although it has a wide detection range, convenient operation, speed and strong specificity, its sensitivity is low.In recent years, the detection limit and sensitivity have been significantly improved by adding enhancers (such as HAuCl4 and NH2OH·HCl) to colloidal gold ICTSs.Compared with colloidal gold or colour latex particles, the sensitivity of upconverting fluorescent particles for ICTSs can also be increased by 10—100 times under the same biological conditions.In addition, selenium nanoparticles have good biocompatibility and low cost, so the research and development of selenium nanoparticles as ICTSs immunoprobe has broad prospects. This review describes the basic structure of ICTSs and two detection methods: competitive format and sandwich format,and the different designs of ICTSs in recent years (adding multiple test lines to the same test strips, different shape test strips and lateral flow microarray).Based on the influence of different probe labels on ICTSs, several widely studied labels have been introduced in recent years, the advantages and disadvantages of different labels and their application status are analyzed. Finally, we review the applications of ICTSs in human medical diseases, agricultural production and food safety. In the future, the emphasis should be put on exploring composite probes in order to meet the goal of “fast, convenient, specific and sensitive” in the field of detection.
丁金姿, 冯爱玲, 徐榕, 王彦妮, 李晓东. 基于探针标记的免疫层析试纸及其应用[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(15): 15174-15183.
DING Jinzi, FENG Ailing, XU Rong, WANG Yanni, LI Xiaodong. Immunochromatographic Test Strips Based on Probe Labels and Their Application. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(15): 15174-15183.
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