镍钛合金心脑血管支架的加工与表面处理

doi:10.11896/cldb.25030211

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (4): 25030211-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030211

金属与金属基复合材料

镍钛合金心脑血管支架的加工与表面处理

李靖彤¹, 韩日峥¹, 金伟¹, 陈松², 张兴¹, 白芸^1,*

1 中国科学院金属研究所,沈阳 110016
2 武汉唯柯医疗科技有限公司,武汉 430000

Processing and Surface Treatment of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Alloy Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Stents

LI Jingtong¹, HAN Rizheng¹, JIN Wei¹, CHEN Song², ZHANG Xing¹, BAI Yun^1,*

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 Wuhan Vickor Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China

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摘要镍钛合金支架凭借其超弹性、形状记忆效应及优异的生物相容性,在心脑血管疾病治疗中具有不可替代的作用,但其临床疗效高度依赖加工方法与表面改性技术的适配性。本文系统综述了镍钛合金支架的两种主要加工方式——激光雕刻与精细编织的技术特性及其在心脏瓣膜支架、冠脉支架、外周支架和脑血管支架中的应用差异:激光雕刻支架具有闭环结构,精度高,适用于需强径向支撑力的瓣膜与冠脉病变;精细编织通过可调节性的结构实现灵活形变,优先满足颅内动脉瘤与外周血管的柔顺性需求。表面改性技术则针对不同临床应用进行功能定制:心脏瓣膜支架侧重无机涂层的抗钙化能力,冠脉支架以药物缓释涂层为核心,外周支架融合抗菌与抗血栓功能,脑血管支架则通过超薄接枝层平衡即时抗凝与神经安全性。同时还分析了工艺选择与临床需求的深层关联,为镍钛支架的精准化设计与应用适配提供了理论依据,并基于复合工艺、智能材料与动态功能整合等方面对镍钛合金支架加工及表面处理的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

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关键词: 镍钛合金血管支架加工表面改性

Abstract: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy stents have become indispensable in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases due to their super elasticity, shape memory effect, and exceptional biocompatibility. However, their clinical efficacy critically hinges on the compatibility between fabrication methodologies and surface modification strategies. This review systematically evaluates the technical characteristics of two predominant NiTi stent processing techniques——laser cutting and fine braiding, and their application-specific discrepancies in cardiac valve stents, coronary stents, peripheral stents, and cerebrovascular stents. Laser-cutting stents, featuring closed-loop architectures with high geometric precision, demonstrate superior radial supportive strength, rendering them optimal for valvular and coronary pathologies requiring mechanical stability. In contrast, fine braiding stents achieve structural reconfigurability through tunable braiding patterns, prioritizing compliance with the biomechanical demands of intracranial aneurysms and tortuous peripheral vasculature. Surface functionalization strategies are further customized for distinct clinical scenarios:valvular stents emphasize inorganic coatings with anti-calcification capacity, coronary stents predominantly center on drug-eluting coatings, peripheral stents integrate antibacterial and antithrombogenic functions, while cerebrovascular stents employ ultra-thin graft layers to ba-lance immediate anticoagulation with neurological safety. This paper reveals the deep correlation between process selection and clinical needs, providing a theoretical basis for the precise design and application adaptation of nickel titanium stents. It also looks forward to the development trends of composite processes, intelligent materials, and dynamic functional integration in the processing and surface treatment of nickel titanium alloy stents in the future.

Key words: nickel-titanium alloy vascular stent processing surface modification

出版日期: 2026-02-25 发布日期: 2026-02-13

ZTFLH:

TB34

基金资助: 工信部“生物医用材料创新任务揭榜挂帅”项目——“心脏瓣膜支架用高周疲劳镍钛合金管材研制生产与临床应用”

通讯作者: * 白芸,博士,中国科学院金属研究所研究员、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事生物医用材料的使役行为及表面功能化构建方面的研究工作。ybai@imr.ac.cn

作者简介: 李靖彤,硕士,中国科学院金属研究所轻质高强材料研究部助理工程师。主要研究领域为仿生医用材料的性能研究。

引用本文:

李靖彤, 韩日峥, 金伟, 陈松, 张兴, 白芸. 镍钛合金心脑血管支架的加工与表面处理[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(4): 25030211-10.
LI Jingtong, HAN Rizheng, JIN Wei, CHEN Song, ZHANG Xing, BAI Yun. Processing and Surface Treatment of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) Alloy Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular Stents. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(4): 25030211-10.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030211 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I4/25030211

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