A State-of-the-art Review on Lime-based Mortars for Restoration of Ancient Buildings
LAN Mingzhang1, NIE Song1, WANG Jianfeng1, ZHANG Qiaowei1, CHEN Zhifeng2
1 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124 2 Tangshan Polar Bear Building Materials Co. Ltd., Tangshan 063705
Abstract: The ancient buildings has been exposing to natural environment for many years, and most of them are suffered from damages by wind, sunlight and rain, resulting in destruction with various degrees. The research on restoration materials of ancient building has always been the focus for cultural relic conservation. As one of the earliest type of inorganic cementitious materials used by human beings, lime features moderate mechanical strength, favorable permeability and breathability, satisfactory compatibility with ancient buildings, and cause no secondary damage to ancient buildings, showing an irreplaceable advantage in the field of restoration of ancient buildings. Nevertheless, there are still some problems in the lime-based mortars, especially the low early strength and poor durability, which severely hinders their widespread application. As an air-hardening material, lime is hardened by gradual crystallization and carbonation in air, presenting a slow growth of its strength. Besides, lime will lose a large amount of free water in the process of drying and hardening, forming a porous structure, providing a channel for water and some soluble ions to enter into the slurry, which adversely affecting its frost resistance and erosion resis-tance. In recent years, scholars have optimized the composition of lime mortar, and obtained lime-based mortars with significantly improved pro-perties. Generally, lime-based mortars include lime mortars, natural hydraulic lime mortars, lime-cement mortars and lime-pozzolan mortars. Lime mortars holds best compatibility with ancient buildings, but the low early strength block their application. The recent research work concentrate on the impact of the lime sand ratio and additives on the pore structure and mechanical properties of lime mortar. Natural hydraulic lime contained a certain amount of hydraulic component dicalcium silicate show superiority in early strength compared with lime. The related research of natural hydraulic lime started late in China. Although natural hydrated lime with different strength grades have been successfully prepared in laboratory, the preparation process is not yet mature. It has been reported that a suitable amount of auxiliary cementing materials have been introduced into natural hydrated lime and excellent repairing mortar has obtained in the research by foreign scholars.Lime-cement mortars come from a wide range of sources and have similar pore structure and performance with natural hydraulic lime mortars. However, the compatibility between lime-cement mortars and the base materials of ancient buildings still remain controversial. The early strength of lime-pozzolan mortars is mainly derived from the volcanic ash reaction between calcium hydroxide and pozzolanic materials, and pozzolanic reaction is closely related to the pozzolanic activity and curing conditions. In this paper, we introduce the merits, drawbacks and application situation of the four kind of limed-based restoration mortars, describe the relationship between the structure and properties of lime-based mortars. According to the compatibility requirements of ancient buildings restoration, we point out the problems of lime-based mortars, and then make recommendations for further research work.
兰明章, 聂松, 王剑锋, 张巧伟, 陈智丰. 古建筑修复用石灰基砂浆的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(9): 1512-1516.
LAN Mingzhang, NIE Song, WANG Jianfeng, ZHANG Qiaowei, CHEN Zhifeng. A State-of-the-art Review on Lime-based Mortars for Restoration of Ancient Buildings. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(9): 1512-1516.
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2019, Vol. 33 
