Abstract: High-entropy alloys were proposed 15 years ago, which have received extensive attention because of their unique composition, simple microstructure and superior performance. According to the selection of elements, high-entropy alloys can be classified into several types, include 3d transition metal elements high-entropy alloys, refractory high-entropy alloys, lanthanide transition metal elements high-entropy alloys,lightweight high-entropy alloys and so on. Lightweight high-entropy alloys have been studied since 2010, their constituent elements mostly are light metal elements. Lightweight high-entropy alloys have the advantages of high strength, high hardness, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and light weight. They can be used in aerospace, new energy vehicles, military industry and other fields. So lightweight high-entropy alloys have great development prospect. However, many factors restrict the development of lightweight high-entropy alloys, these factors include imperfect theoretical mechanism, immature preparation technology and high production cost. Imperfect theoretical mechanism is mainly reflected in the fact that four core effects cannot accurately explain the unique microstructure and properties of high-entropy alloys, and predicting the phase formation of lightweight high-entropy alloys is difficult. Immature preparation technology is mainly reflected in the fact that lightweight high-entropy alloys have few ways to be prepared and they are not conducive to mass production. The high cost is mainly reflected in the fact that many light metals are expensive and the atomic ratio of each element is very high. Due to the short history of lightweight high-entropy alloys, the above problems cannot be solved effectively. At present, researches focus on designing and preparing lightweight high-entropy alloys with low density and excellent mechanical properties according to the existing theories and production level. At present, some lightweight high-entropy alloys have been successfully prepared, such as Al20Li20Mg10Sc20Ti30, Al20Be20Fe10Si15Ti35 and AlLiMgZnSn. Their processing methods are as follows: mechanical alloying, arc melting and induction melting. They have high strength and low density which can provide guidance for other research. This review offers a retrospection of the research effortson lightweight high-entropy alloys, and provides elaborate descriptions about the core effects, the designing principles, the process routes, the microstructure and the mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the shortcomings of research on lightweight high-entropy alloys are analyzed and the future application of lightweight high-entropy alloys is prospected.
作者简介: 季承维,2018年6月毕业于河海大学金属材料工程系,获得工学学士学位。现为河海大学力学与材料学院硕士研究生,在马爱斌教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为高熵合金。 马爱斌,河海大学力学与材料学院教授、博士研究生导师。教育部“高等学校骨干教师”、日本学术振兴会博士后特别资助获得者。1985年本科毕业于东南大学材料科学与工程系并留校任教,1997年在日本爱知工业大学取得工学博士学位,2001年开始在日本产业技术综合研究所进行博士后研究工作,2005年回国到河海大学任教,现任宿迁市河海大学研究院常务副院长。主要从事材料组织超细化、强韧化与耐蚀化等的研究工作,在Acta Materialia、Applied Catalysis B: Environmental、Scripta Materialia、Corrosion Science、Journal of Power Sources等SCI期刊上发表论文200余篇,获授权中国、日本等国发明专利20余项,出版了《海上风电场防腐工程》《现代工业训练教程-金属热处理及质量检验》等专著。
引用本文:
季承维, 马爱斌, 江静华. 轻质高熵合金的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(19): 19094-19100.
JI Chengwei, MA Aibin, JIANG Jinghua. Research Status and Development Trend of Lightweight High-entropy Alloys. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(19): 19094-19100.
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2020, Vol. 34 
