Abstract: In 2014, the loss caused by corrosion in China was about 2 127.8 billion RMB, accounting for 3.34% of the country's GDP. The penetration of chloride ions into the concrete in marine environment leads to the corrosion of reinforced bars, which is the most crucial factor damaging the structures of concrete. Exposed concrete in diverse marine corrosive areas vary in the chloride ion transport velocity and distribution principle, corrosion rate and pattern as well as corrosion products of reinforcement in virtue of the different ion concentration, oxygen concentration and wet-dry cycling time. Among them, reinforced concrete in splash-zone and high-tide area is prone to be vulnerable due to the sufficient-oxygen supply, drastic wet-dry cycling, and splashing effect. The volume of corrosion products are 2—6 times of the original's, meanwhile, continuous increasing of corrosion products will lead to concrete cracking, protective layer peeling and further accelerate the corrosion of reinforcement. The corrosion-induced cracking model of reinforced concrete will be more precise by considering non-uniform corrosion, filling effect of corrosion products, properties of reinforcement and concrete. Moreover, it will be more efficient to predict the service-life span of reinforced concrete exposed to diverse corrosive zones inmarine environment by establishing models of chloride ion transportation, reinforcement corrosion rate and corrosion-induced cracking according to the characteristics of diverse corrosive zones in the ocean, the properties of reinforced concrete as well as the load level. The detection and monitoring of reinforcement corrosion in concrete contribute to acquire the information of concrete service status in real time. The corrosion state and ratio of reinforcement can be measured via electrochemical methods such as linear polarization, electrochemical noise and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical anode ladder and circular electrode develops on the basis of the electrochemical principle, the fiber monitoring technology base on rust expansion stress test of reinforcement and digital image technology for stress and strain distribution monitoring in concrete are also innovated, achieving in the corrosion monitoring of reinforcement, and have been partially adopted in ocean engineering. Corroded reinforcement has a significant reduction in the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability compared with the original one. The establishment of the linear relationship between the magnetic flux variation and mass loss for both common and the corrosion-resistant reinforcement was attributed to the development of the corrosion monitoring apparatus utilizing the electromagnetic induction theory, which provides a possibility for more accurately monitoring the whole process of reinforcement corrosion in concrete, and realizing the location of corrosion source as well as identifying the damage degree. Therefore, comprehensive utilization of micro-electrode on chloride ion and pH can realize the internal of concrete micro-environment monitoring, and the advanced corrosion monitoring sensors and digital image monitoring technique can realize the corrosion source and rate monitoring, as well as the corrosion-induced cracking process. Hence, multiple applications of above-mentioned techniques are capable of satisfying the entire corrosion process monitoring, which provide the verification basis and correction of the reinforced concrete service life prediction model and a pre-warning mechanism for durability evaluation system in marine environment.
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2018, Vol. 32 
