Abstract: In the early 21st century, for the excellent exothermic properties, the two-component or multi-component energetic metastable composites with fine structures, prepared by mixing nano-metal powder with oxides, iodides, fluorides and other oxidants, gradually step into people’s vision. They are widely used in military fields such as explosives, propellants, and reactive debris. Nano aluminum powder has a high reactivity and excellent combustion performance, and is a preferred choice for the preparation of energy-containing metastable composite materials. However, nano-aluminum powder is also easily oxidized to form a dense surface passivation layer due to its high specific surface area and this oxide layer is a “barrier” that weakens its combustion performance. While the introduction of fluoropolymer into the nano-aluminum powder system could precisely utilize this oxide layer and open a new door for the energetic metastable composite study. The exothermic and combustion properties of aluminum-fluoropolymer containing metastable composites are key technical indicators for evaluating their practical application potentials, and the main macro factors affecting the two properties include the preparation method and the mass ratio and other additions used in the processes. At present, several new methods for aluminum-fluoropolymer containing metastable composites preparation are researched: In-situ vapor deposition polymerization method, using in-situ polymerization and vapor deposition processes, could prepare uniformly coated core-shell composites, but this method has high control requirements on process accuracy and lays some safety problems. Electrostatic spray method could also obtain well-coated core-shell particles based on the electrostatic force effect. However, the yield of materials prepared by this method is very small and has a low industrial amplification feasibility. Mechanical force activation method is simple in operation and large in single batch processing. However, this method involves plenty of process parameters, and the performance of the target materials is difficult to quantify. 3D printing method has been industrialized and widely used, but the method costs a lot. In the future, by comparing the perfor-mance differences of composites obtained by different preparation methods, we can determine the appropriate way to prepare energetic metastable composites that meet the specific needs. On the other hand, from the microscopic view, the presence of a pre-ignition reaction could promote the melt diffusion process and affect the properties of energetic materials. So, the pre-ignition reaction could be promoted by activating the aluminum surface or changing the properties of the fluoropolymer. In the future, mastering the reaction mechanism of the aluminum-fluoropolymer system and knowing the role of the fluoropolymer in each reaction stage could be of great significance for the synthesis and application of new materials. This paper introduces the mechanism and application ranges of several preparation methods for emerging aluminum-fluoropolymer energetic materials. At the same time, from the preparation of fluoropolymer modified nano aluminum powder, the effect caused by pre-ignition reaction for the melt diffusion process and the material performance is analyzed, and this provides a reference for further researches and applications in other energetic material.
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2019, Vol. 33 
