橡胶沥青的微观表征方法及其微观特性综述

材料导报

2019, Vol. 33

Issue (Z2): 247-253

无机非金属及其复合材料

橡胶沥青的微观表征方法及其微观特性综述

张庆^1,2, 侯德华^1,3, 史纪村^1,3

1 河南省高远公路养护技术有限公司,新乡 453003;
2 河南师范大学化学化工学院,新乡 453007;
3 河南省高等级公路检测与养护技术重点实验室,新乡 453003

Research Progress of Microscopic Characterization of Rubber Asphalt

ZHANG Qing^1,2, HOU Dehua^1,3, SHI Jicun^1,3

1 Henan Gaoyuan Highway Maintenance Technology Co., Ltd, Xinxiang 453003;
2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007;
3 Henan Province Key Laboratory of High Grade Highway Detection and Maintenance Technology, Xinxiang 453003

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摘要橡胶沥青是将废旧轮胎加工为橡胶粉粒,并在充分拌合的高温条件下与基质沥青充分溶胀反应后形成改性沥青胶结材料,其是较为理想的环保型路面材料,已成为当前公路工程材料领域的研究热点。橡胶沥青力学性能的研究已经相对比较成熟,特别是基于力学指标研究橡胶沥青的生产工艺、应用技术也已非常普遍。目前橡胶沥青的力学指标体系主要有分级指标、高温稳定性指标、低温抗裂性指标、耐老化性指标。研究表明胶粉的加入使橡胶沥青的针入度变小,软化点提高,黏度增加;动态剪切流变试验则表明,胶粉对沥青高温性能的改性效果非常显著,其高温分级比基质沥青提高2~3级,同时也赋予橡胶沥青优良的低温抗裂性能以及良好的弹性。对橡胶沥青的改性机理研究及储存稳定性还需进一步的系统深入研究。
由于沥青是由多种化合物组成的混合物,轮胎胶粉则是由天然橡胶或者人工合成橡胶、硫磺、碳黑、增塑剂和抗氧化剂组成,两者高温混溶后,相互作用十分复杂。鉴于当前研究条件的限制,仅通过力学指标很难全面阐述其微观作用机理。因此,通过微观表征方法来分析橡胶沥青的改性机理已成为其主要研究方向。谱学分析方法便于分子结构定性分析,并可以有效对目标混合物进行分离,从而清晰地描绘出表征对象微观结构特征及其组成分布情况;此外,采用微观显微技术则可以对橡胶粉以及橡胶沥青的形态学进行研究。
基于此,本文详细介绍谱学分析方法和微观形貌分析方法等微观表征技术在橡胶沥青改性机理研究中的应用情况,并通过谱学分析方法以及微观形貌分析法来总结橡胶沥青改性机理的研究进展,从微观尺度进一步阐述橡胶沥青的评价方法,可为橡胶沥青微观表征方法的合理运用提供参考借鉴。

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关键词: 橡胶沥青红外光谱法热重分析法凝胶渗透色谱法显微结构分析法

Abstract: Rubber asphalt is a modified asphalt cement material which is processed into rubber powder and fully swelled with matrix asphalt under high temperature conditions of sufficient mixing. It’s environment-friendly pavement materialandhas become research hotspot in the field of highway engineering materials.The research on the mechanical properties of rubber asphalt has been relatively extensive, especially the production technology and application technology of rubber asphalt based on mechanical indexes have been very common.Studies have shown that adding rubber powder can make the penetration degree of rubber asphalt become smaller, the softening point is increased, and the viscosity is increased; The dynamic shear rheological test shows thatthe effect of rubber powder on the high temperature performance of asphalt is significant. The high temperature classification is two to three grades higher than that of the matrix asphalt. At the same time, rubber asphalt is endowed with excellent low temperature crack resistance and good elasticity. However, the modification mechanism and storage stability of rubber asphalt need further systematic and in-depth study.
Since asphalt is a mixture of various compounds, tire rubber powder is composed of natural rubber or synthetic rubber, sulfur, carbon black, plasticizer and antioxidant. After high temperature miscibility, the interaction is very complicated.In view of the limitations of current research conditions, it is difficult to fully explain the mechanism of microscopic action only through mechanical indicators.Therefore, the analysis of the modification mechanism of rubber asphalt by microscopic characterization has become its main research direction.Spectral analysis method facilitates the qualitative analysis of molecular structure, and can effectively separate the target mixture, so as to clearly depict the microstructure characteristics and composition distribution of the characterization object; In addition, the morphology of rubber powder and rubber asphalt can be studied by microscopic microscopy.
Based on this, this review introduces in detail the application of microscopic characterization techniques such as spectroscopic analysis methods and micromorphology analysis methods in the study of rubber asphalt modification mechanism, andthe research progress of the modification mechanism of rubber asphalt is summarized by the methods of spectroscopic analysis and microscopic morphology analysis. The evaluation me-thod of rubber asphalt is further elaborated from the microscale, which can provide reference for the rational application of the rubber asphalt microscopic characterization method.

Key words: rubber asphalt infrared spectroscopy thermogravimetric analysis gel permeation chromatography microstructure analysis

出版日期: 2019-11-25 发布日期: 2019-11-25

ZTFLH:

U414

基金资助: 新乡市重大科技专项(ZD19007)

通讯作者: zhangqing666@vip.163.com

作者简介: 张庆,工学博士,高级工程师,硕士生导师,公路养护装备国家工程实验室研究中心总工程师。2013年在长安大学获得博士学位,2016—2017年到加拿大滑铁卢大学进行学术访问、合作研究。其研究团队致力于依托材料科学与工程科学的交叉学科优势,从基础应用研究和技术开发出发,注重功能材料的微观结构调控与优化,围绕材料综合性能的提升,实现了工程功能材料一些关键技术的重要突破,有效提高了多种工程材料的性能及工艺水平。在SCI、EI、核心源期刊杂志发表文章多篇,获授权发明专利多项,主持承担多项重点科研项目,获得多项科技奖励荣誉。通过长期研究,建立了丰富的理论储备和多元的研发体系。

引用本文:

张庆, 侯德华, 史纪村. 橡胶沥青的微观表征方法及其微观特性综述[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(Z2): 247-253.
ZHANG Qing, HOU Dehua, SHI Jicun. Research Progress of Microscopic Characterization of Rubber Asphalt. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(Z2): 247-253.

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http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/ 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2019/V33/IZ2/247

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