Research Status of Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Grain Refinement Technology
DONG Zhihai1, LI Yiwen1, ALEKSANDR Babkin2, CHANG Yunlong1,*
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China 2 Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk 398024, Russia
Abstract: Ferritic stainless steel has the advantages of no Ni, good thermal conductivity, low linear expansion coefficient, low cost, etc., and has better stress corrosion resistance than austenitic stainless steel in a chloride ion environment. It is widely used in automobiles, marine applications and petrochemical. However, during the welding process, the weld zone and the heat-affected zone are prone to have coarse grains, which lead to a decrease in the toughness of the joint, especially the autogenous welding of thick plates. Through collecting, classifying and analyzing the research data of ferritic stainless steel weld grain refinement at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the methods of ferritic stainless steel weld grain refinement, such as controlling welding parameters, preheating and increasing cooling rate, adjust the alloy elements of the molten pool, pulse welding, electromagnetic stirring and ultrasonic vibration and other methods. Based on the existing literature, three different mechanisms, including heterogeneous nucleation, promotion of grain separation and dendrite fusion, are used to explain the grain refinement phenomenon of weld microstructure. Finally, the method of grain refinement for ferritic stainless steel welds is prospected, and the method of applying an external energy field has a certain influence on the flow of the molten pool metal. In particular, the study of the grain growth behavior of the weld structure under multi-physical fields will provide new ideas for improving the performance of high penetration self-fusion welding joints. In the future, it will be the main trend to develop the grain refining equipment with strong practical application and develop the grain refining technology of ferrite stainless steel weld under the large penetration depth of autogenous welding technology.
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2022, Vol. 36 
