Composite Spinel Protective Coating for Ferritic Stainless Steel: a Review
YU Hongli, YANG Honghao, MA Zhangbo, ZHANG Yuanshuo, YANG Wen*, LI Yongtang
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Theory and Technology,School of Material Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have been widely studied in recent years because they can efficiently use fossil fuels and also collect gas and waste heat. The interconnect is one of the key components of the SOFC, which directly affects the long-term stability of the stack. At present, the ferritic stainless steel is one of the most important interconnect materials, which has advantages of high thermal conductivity, suitable coefficient of thermal expansion, and so on. However, its applications are still limited by several problems such as cathode Cr poisoning, poor electrical conductivity and insufficient oxidation resistance at high temperature. The normal solution is to prepare protective coatings on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel, such as reactive element oxides (REOs) coatings, rare earth perovskite coatings, composite spinel coatings, etc. Composite spinel coatings are generally considered to be the most promising SOFC interconnect coatings. The research and performance optimization of composite spinel coatings mainly focus on the composition, preparation technology and interconnect. In terms of composition, it is found that Cu-Mn spinel coating has the highest electrical conductivity, while Co-Mn spinel has the best comprehensive performance considering the electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), area specific resistance (ASR), oxidation rate constant (Kp) and other parameters. At the same time, the electrical conductivity of coatings can be improved by the doping of copper or iron, while the electrical resistance can be reduced and the high-temperature oxidation resistance can be improved by the doping of REOs. In terms of preparation technology, the coatings prepared by electrophoretic deposition, magnetron sputtering and other methods, have superior performance which are uniform and dense and adhere well to the surface of the substrate. In terms of the metallic interconnect, the performance of coatings is more stable, when the interconnect has less concave and flatter surface. In this paper, the recent works on composite spinel protective coatings for SOFC metallic interconnects are summarized in detail. The optimization methods of coatings are discussed in terms of composition, preparation technology and metallic interconnect, and the direction of the development is predicted. This work can provide guidance for promoting the industrial application of metallic interconnects.
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2022, Vol. 36 
