Advances in Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Cemented Carbide
CAI Huikun1,2, WENG Zeju1,2, GU Kaixuan2,, WANG Kaikai2, ZHENG Jianpeng2,3, WANG Junjie2,3
1 School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 2 CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
Abstract: Since the advent of cemented carbide in 1923, the properties of cemented carbide have been continuously optimized by improving its sintering process, preparing ultrafine WC-Co composite powders, and strengthening its surface. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from complicated equipment, high manufacturing cost and high technical difficulty, which block the transformation and upgrading of the cemented carbide industry in China to a certain extent. Cryogenic treatment, as a novel material modification technology with low energy consumption, no pollution and conve-nient operation, can effectively improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance, dimensional stability, corrosion resistance, conductive pro-perty and thermal conductivity of the material. It has played a crucial role in industrialization of a variety of materials. Accordingly, cryogenic treatment is suitable for optimizing the performance of cemented carbide, which can effectively avoid the deficiency of conventional modification met-hod, and provides a new process route for enhancing the performance of the cemented carbide with high efficiency and low cost. Unfortunately, the research on cryogenic treatment of cemented carbide started late in China. There are still many problems in the cryogenic treatment process and modification mechanism. In recent years, great efforts have been put in the research on the property variations of cemented carbide after cryogenic treatment in laboratory, the influence laws of the cryogenic treatment process parameters on performance variations, as well as the microscopic mechanisms of changes in macroscopic properties, and fruitful achievements have been made. Numerous research results have shown that cryogenic treatment can significantly improve the bending strength, wear resistance and cutting performance of cemented carbide, and effectively prolong the service life of cemented carbide tools, while exerts little effect on its hardness and toughness. The improved effect of the cemented carbide performance is closely related to the process parameters of cryogenic treatment. A lower cryogenic temperature and a longer holding duration are beneficial for the improvement of performance, yet no linear variations of the cemented carbide performance occur with the decreasing temperature or the extension of soaking time. Generally speaking, there is an optimal cryogenic process for cemented carbide with specific composition. The strengthening mechanism of cryogenic treatment for the service performance of cemented carbide mainly lies in the martensitic transformation of Co phase, the dispersion and precipitation of η phase, and the change of the resi-dual stress state on surface. This review summarizes the research progress of cryogenic treatment on cemented carbide. Taking the research work of our team as reference, the influences of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties, service performance, microstructure and residual stress of cemented carbide are introduced. The impact of cryogenic treatment process parameters on the properties, and the mechanism between properties and microstructure are also analyzed. Based on the current research status of cryogenic treatment and the relative deficiencies, the future research direction and industrialization prospects are put forward.
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2019, Vol. 33 
