1 National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Academy of Military Sciences of PLA, Beijing 100071, China 2 School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 3 College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
Abstract: The aluminum-based amorphous alloy that emerged in the 1960s has a high specific strength as a low-density material. Compared with traditional crystalline materials, it exhibits long-range disordered and short-range ordered atomic arrangement characteristics. There are no defect structures such as grain boundaries and dislocations that are more likely to cause failure, and it shows high hardness and excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. It has attracted widespread attention from many scholars at home and abroad. At first, due to the limitation of the preparation process, this type of material showed a structure in which amorphous and nanocrystalline phases coexist. With the development of science and technology, scientists have developed a series of aluminum-based alloy systems with completely amorphous structure. These mate-rials have high mechanical strength and can show good toughness, which has caused great interest in the amorphous forming ability, preparation methods and application promotion. The research on the amorphous forming ability of aluminum-based amorphous alloys is usually based on the empirical criterion of the amorphous forming ability of bulk amorphous alloys, as well as some other newly proposed judgment methods, such as enthalpy of evaporation, density of Fermi layer electronic states, diffusion and melting point of precipitated phase. However, due to the narrow-supercooled liquid phase range of aluminum-based amorphous alloys and the strong chemical activity of Al element, the amorphous forming ability of aluminum-based amorphous alloys is generally weak. Although a lot of research work has been done on the influence of element types and content changes on the amorphous forming ability of aluminum-based amorphous alloys, there is no universal or more accurate method for determining the ability of aluminum-based amorphous formation In the future, we still need to use high-performance material simulation computing and machine learning to improve. Aluminum-based amorphous alloys have weak amorphous forming ability and are sensitive to the influence of external conditions, so that they are often prone to crystallization during the preparation process, resulting in generally lower dimensions of the obtained materials. At present, common preparation methods of aluminum-based amorphous alloys can be divided according to their morphology (powder, bulk, coating, etc.). The preparation method of powdery aluminum-based amorphous alloy is mainly gas atomization method and mechanical alloying method; the preparation method of bulk aluminum-based amorphous alloy is mainly direct solidification method and powder metallurgy method; coating type aluminum-based amorphous alloy. The preparation methods mainly include laser cladding, explosive spraying, cold spraying, supersonic flame spraying and arc spraying. Relatively speaking, the preparation technology of aluminum-based amorphous coating will not be limited by the size of the workpiece, the process is simple, the operation is convenient, and it is suitable for outdoor large-area construction, and has more application potential in the field of surface protection and remanufacturing engineering. Especially in the field of remanufacturing of high value-added parts such as large ships, aircraft, and marine facilities, the large-scale promotion and application of aluminum-based amorphous coating preparation technology will bring huge economic benefits. The development process, amorphous-forming ability and preparation method of the aluminum-based amorphous alloy were introduced. The application prospects of the aluminum-based amorphous coating in the field of remanufacturing were summarized. The future research direction of alloys was prospected.
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2021, Vol. 35 
