Reviews of Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Fast Solidified Hypereutectic Al⁃Si Alloy
YANG Wentao1, HE Pengfei2, LIU Ming2,*, ZHOU Yongxin1*, WANG Haidou2, MA Guozheng2, BAI Yu3
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710072, China; 2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China; 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Abstract: Hypereutectic Al?Si alloy is widely used in automobile and aircraft industry because of its high wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and high specific strength. This type of alloy is easy to produce coarse brittle and hard primary silicon phase in conventional casting, which worsens the mechanical properties of the alloy and reduces its wear resistance. But rapid solidification technology can solve this problem. The properties of hypereutectic Al?Si alloy can be improved by changing the morphology and distribution of eutectic silicon and primary silicon, the size of secondary dendrite cell or arm spacing, etc. At present, the research of hypereutectic Al?Si alloy is mostly about controlling the morphology and distribution of eutectic and primary silicon, while the refining process of conventional casting is only for Si content below 25wt% of hypereutectic Al?Si alloy has obvious effect, so the researchers focus on the rapid solidification technology which can refine the grain of hypereutectic Al?Si alloy with high Si content. The rapid solidification technology is characterized by high cooling rate, which is different from conventional casting. With the increase of cooling rate, the microstructure refinement, chemical uniformity, solid solubility, amorphous and metastable phase formation of the hypereutectic Al?Si alloy greatly improved the properties of the hypereutectic Al?Si alloy. The microstructure and tribological behavior of the hype?reutectic Al?Si alloys prepared by different rapid solidification techniques are also different. These differences can effectively supplement the theoretical system of improving the nucleation growth mechanism, morphology evolution mechanism of silicon grains and its influence on the properties of hypereutectic Al?Si alloys during rapid solidification.
In this paper, four main preparation methods of rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al?Si alloy are reviewed: substrate quench technology, rapid solidification powder metallurgy technology, spray deposition technology and selective laser melting technology. The research status of related rapid solidification technology is analyzed, and the microstructure and wear resistance of hypereutectic Al?Si alloy prepared by different processes are compared. The theoretical system, performance prediction and technology are discussedin the three aspects of technology, some feasible suggestions are put forward for its future research direction.
杨文涛, 何鹏飞, 刘明, 周永欣, 王海斗, 马国政, 白宇. 快速凝固过共晶铝硅合金的显微组织及摩擦学行为研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(11): 11126-11136.
YANG Wentao, HE Pengfei, LIU Ming, ZHOU Yongxin, WANG Haidou, MA Guozheng, BAI Yu. Reviews of Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of Fast Solidified Hypereutectic Al⁃Si Alloy. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(11): 11126-11136.
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2021, Vol. 35 
