Abstract: Phase change material (PCM) has a wide application prospect in the field of heat storage (cold) due to its large latent heat value, suitable phase transition temperature, and stable properties. However, phase-change materials usually have a phenomenon of supercooling, which affects the release of latent heat when the phase change material stores heat. The addition of nucleating agents to phase change materials is the mostcommonly used method to reduce the degree of supercooling, at pre-sent. In the past years, researchers in this field have focused on screening nucleating agents with higher efficiency, better stability and lower specific gravity for different phase change materials. In addition, the method of plus disturbance can similarly reduce the supercooling degree of phase change materials, such as mechanical shock, ultrasonic radiation or electric field, which appears earlier and reduced the degree of supercooling. Considering the requirement for additional equipment support, there are few researches and applications at present. Recently, it has been shown that selecting the relevant suitable parameters, such as ultrasonic frequency and electric field, can substantially enhance the supercooling effect of phase change materials. The microcapsule phase change material initially reduces the degree of supercooling by adding a nucleating agent before encapsulation, along with the side effect of weakening its heat storage capacity. Researchers began to concentrate on controlling the size of the microcapsule and optimizing the structure of the microcapsule shell in recent years, with a useful application prospect, which can decrease the degree of supercooling and maintain the heat storage capacity. Supercooling characteristics of phase change materialsare introduced in this paper firstly. Then, the effects of cooling rate, shell surface and ambient temperature on the supercooling characteristics are clarified in detail. Following, different methods about reducing the degree of supercooling are allowed analyzing the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the problems existing in the study of supercooling characteristics of phase change materials are emphasized. It is suggested that further researches are needed in establish a supercooling prediction model,actors affecting supercooling and its mechanism and improved supercooling reduction method.
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