Preparation of Three-dimensional Graphene-based Porous Carbon Materials and Their Adsorption Properties for Pollutants: a Review
QIU Junke1,†, WANG Peng2,†, ZHANG Di1,3, SHI Lin1, ZHANG Huang3,4
1 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China 2 Environmental College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China 3 Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China 4 Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
Abstract: One-dimensional (carbon nanotubes, CNTs) and two-dimensional (graphene oxide, GO) carbon nanomaterials are widely used in the adsorption and removal of environmental pollutants. However, their practical applications have been restricted because of their agglomeration and accumulation in water. So it is imperative to search for new carbon materials. Three-dimensional graphene-based porous carbon materials (3D GBMs) have recently drawn more and more attention with the in-depth research on these carbonaceous nanomaterials in the last decade. The 3D GBMs are assembled from porous carbon materials or biomass under certain conditions. They have high porosity, large surface area, good mechanical properties and easy to recycle. Moreover, 3D GBMs have become a research hot spot in recent years due to their inherited properties of monomer materials. Due to their unique structure and performance, 3D GBMs have been applied in many fields such as environmental remediation, catalyst and energy storage, especially in the field of environmental remediation. But there are some shortcomings that can affect the performance of 3D GBMs. For example, the precursor material, size and pH may affect the adsorption performance of 3D GBMs. The preparation method needs to be selected and optimized, the damage of freeze-drying process to 3D porous structure. The further research will be needed to explore their preparation and adsorption properties. The 3D GBMs with different properties have been prepared by various methods, such as hydrothermal reduction, chemical reduction and che-mical vapor deposition. The different preparing methods were rooted in the surface functionalization of 3D GBMs. It has been found that 3D GBMs adsorbents with good removal capacity on target pollutants can be achieved by distinctive treatment methods. However, some researchers have noted that the adsorption performance of 3D GBMs can be affected by many factors. The synthesis is the main focus of research on factors affec-ting adsorption performance, among which the synthesis is the main focus of the study on the adsorption performance of 3D GBMs. This is because precursor, hydrothermal reaction and drying process can all affect the structure and performance of 3D GBMs. It is indicated that the preparation method of 3D GBMs and the factors affecting its adsorption properties need to be further studied. Understanding the effects of various pre-paration processes on the adsorption of pollutants of 3D GBMs will be helpful to promote its application in the field of environmental governance. In this article, different preparation methods of 3D GBMs are summarized. Meanwhile, the main topic is the preparation process. According to the preparation process, the influence of each preparation step on the adsorption performance of 3D GBMs is emphatically discussed. Finally, three major prospects in this paper are proposed, including dissecting the role of hydrogel in practical application, measuring surface area me-thods and existing potential environmental risks of 3D GBMs. This review will not only promote the development of 3D GBMs in the field of water treatment, but also provide theoretical guidance for its preparation and application in other fields.
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2020, Vol. 34 
