Preparation of Ion Imprinted Polymers by Sol-Gel Method and Their Application in Metal Ions Selective Adsorption:a Review
WANG Lanqing1,2, ZHONG Yijian1,2, CHEN Nanchun3, XIE Qinglin1,2
1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; 2 The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin 541004, China; 3 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
Abstract: Ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) are polymeric materials, which have a three-dimensional structure and are capable of higher ionic recognition. The materials, synthesized from cross-linking polymerization of functional monomers with template ions and followed by elution of template. Owing to structural stability, specific recognition and high selectivity, IIPs possess broad potential application prospects in the field of heavy metal pollution remediation. However, the heterogeneity of imprinting sites distribution, the blocking of imprinting sites, and the low mass transfer efficiency have become the bottlenecks of IIPs in the application niches of heavy metal ions selective adsorption. Therefore, novel IIPs synthesis strategies to address the bottlenecks mentioned above are in badly need. A wide variety of IIPs synthesis strategies have been explored in recent years. Some issues have been overcome by optimizing the assembly and polymerization processes in IIPs synthesis. Correspondingly, the special recognition and adsorption capacities of IIPs have been improved. Assembly and polymerization processes in IIPs synthesis are mainly realized with sol-gel technology based on step by step synthesis and free ra-dical polymerization method based on chain polymerization. Due to mild reaction condition, simplicity of process control, structural predetermination, thermostability and mechanical strength of products, sol-gel technology has prevailed in many chemical scenarios. Sol-gel technology for IIPs synthesis can be mainly divided into three types, including embedding, copolymerization, and surface imprinting technique. The embedding method possesses the advantages of operational simplicity, mild reaction condition, distribution homogeneity of orga-nic composition and imprinting sites in IIPs, whereas over-depth and hard-elution of template ions, poor imprinting sites exposure, and slow mass transfer are the inherent insufficiency. The IIPs obtained from copolymerization with nanoscale porous structure and large specific area provide spatial accessibility for small size particles which is beneficial for the capture and recognition of template ions. Meanwhile, IIPs obtained from copolymerization still struggle with the limitation of bonding ability between template and functional monomer, instability of spatial orientation functio-nal group. The surface imprinting technique maintaining the inherent features of matrix and endowing supporter surface with imprinting sites by loading, grafting, and modification has been widely attracting lots of research interest. Thus, IIPs obtained from surface imprinting technique possess high adsorption capacity, fast mass transfer, high adsorption selectivity. This current research progress focuses on the routes of sol-gel technology for IIPs synthesis and corresponding features. The three main sol-gel strategies, including embedding, copolymerization, and surface imprinting technique, with their unique properties are discussed. Application of IIPs in heavy metal (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Cr6+) pollution remediation is also introduced. In conclusion, a summary and the perspectives on the directions that might lead the future development of this amazing field are presented.
王蓝青, 钟溢健, 陈南春, 解庆林. 溶胶-凝胶法制备离子印迹聚合物及其用于选择性吸附重金属离子的综述[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(5): 5016-5022.
WANG Lanqing, ZHONG Yijian, CHEN Nanchun, XIE Qinglin. Preparation of Ion Imprinted Polymers by Sol-Gel Method and Their Application in Metal Ions Selective Adsorption:a Review. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(5): 5016-5022.
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2020, Vol. 34 
