Synthesizing and Modifying Carbon-based Nanomaterials by Plasma Techniques
SONG Ye1,2, MIAO Yuanling1, MENG Yuedong1, WANG Qi1,2
1 Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials,Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031; 2 School of Physical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049
Abstract: The research upon carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, has nowadays been extended from their properties to the construction, characteristics and application of carbon nanomaterial derivatives and carbon-based nanocomposites owing to carbon nanomaterials’ ultra-high conductivity, favorable mechanical strength and high specific surface area. Hence the methodology for obtaining and modifying carbon-based nanomaterials has drawn widening attention in recent years. The traditional synthesis methods, mainly including chemical synthesis and electrochemical synthesis, are limited by their deficiencies of complicated procedure and easy contamination by impurity elements. As a kind of newly developed synthesis methods of nanomate-rials, plasma-assisted techniques have been preliminarily found to be satisfactory for synthesis and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials. The research directions of plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials include the following aspects. Ⅰ.Enhance plasma stability and efficiency by improving the plasma source to make it adaptable for carbon-based nanomate-rials. Ⅱ.Elevate physical and chemical properties of carbon-based nanomaterials by composing with various hetero-substances. Ⅲ.Expand the appliance of carbon-based nanomaterials in environmental protection and other fields. Plasma techniques enjoy the advantages such as low impurity introduction, high catalytic activity of product and shorter reaction time consumption compared with the traditional synthesis methods of carbon nanomaterials. An exemplary plasma source for plasma-assisted techniques is inductively coupled plasma source with low power and low pressure. It causes little damage, and can implement oxidation or reduction of carbon-based nanomaterials, and in consequence, both removal of negative groups and integration with positive groups, which result in extraordinarily promoted water solubility and adsorptivity. The direct current plasma source can discharge steadily under atmospheric pressure, and can help to effectively control the growth orientation and to obtain carbon nanopillars or vertical graphene with particular characteristics by adjusting discharge power and gas source flow rate. Electron cyclotron resonance plasma source has good stability and can virtually ensure exemption of carbon nanomaterials from impurity contamination, thereby applicable for the manufacture of high-precision electronic components. By adopting these improved plasma sources, we can incorporate metals or organic macromolecular groups into carbon nanomaterials to fabricate derivatives with enhanced performance of pollutants removal from sewage water. Moreover, the plasma techniques can also realize the combination of platinum nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials, and can achieve fine distribution of Pt. This will impart CO-poisoning resistance to Pt nanoparticles, and enable the usage as high-performance catalysts of fuel cells. Additionally, the pollutant-monitoring sensors can be improved by adopting highly sensitive and high-strength carbon-based nanomaterials which can be prepared by plasma-assisted modification. This paper provides a profound insight to the adoption of plasma techniques in synthesis and modification of carbon nanomate-rials (and derivatives) and carbon-based nanocomposites. It also gives a summary description of the trial applications of these plasma-synthesized or plasma-treated carbon-based nanomaterials to environment protection, fuel cell catalysts and sensors.
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2018, Vol. 32 
