Development of Green Welding Technology in China During the Past Decade
XUE Songbai1, WANG Bo1, ZHANG Liang2, LONG Weimin3
1 College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106 2 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116 3 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Brazing Filler Metals and Technology, Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou 450001
Abstract: Green manufacturing is animportant prerequisite of achieving the goal of “Made in China in 2025”. Green welding is an important part of green manufacturing. Green welding is a development concept aiming at the common issues of high energy consumption and low effective utilization of resources in welding industries. Its main content is to develop and use green welding materials and technologies with low emission and low pollution, and new high-efficient green welding methods. Ferrous metal mainly refers to steel and stainless steel. Their structure parts are mainly used in shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, power plant equipment, petrochemical equipment, bridge construction and fabricating other large components. With the acceleration of lightweight process in Chinese manufacturing industry, the applications of lightweight non-ferrous metals such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and tita-nium alloy are more and more widespread in all walks of life. As a generic technology, welding technology has become one of the key technologies affecting the application of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in the field of equipment manufacturing. For green welding of ferrous metals,the solid welding wire used for CO2 gas shielded welding is gradually replaced by the flux-cored wire in the field of shipbuilding. In order to reduce the weight of automobile body, hot-formed steel, galvanized steel and aluminum/steel dissimilar structures are widely used in the field of automobile manufacturing. The mainstream green welding technologies in automobile manufacturing include dynamic electric resistance controlled medium frequency resistance spot welding, laser welding, friction stir welding and so on. The main green welding methods used in power plant construction (include thermal power, hydro power and nuclear power) are all-position TIG hot wire welding, narrow gap TIG hot wire welding, narrow gap submerged arc welding and multi-head gas shielded arc welding, etc. Field welding is widely used in the manufacture of petrochemical equipment. Arc welding robots are often used for spherical tank structures. For the maintenance and emergent repair of marine pipelines, underwater dry high-pressure welding is a relatively mature high-quality welding method and the future focus is on developing submersible full-automatic marine pipeline welding maintenance system. At present, bridge structural steel in China has already developed to the sixth generation of bridge steel-Q500q, which promotes the successful development of new green flux-cored gas shielded welding wire and other welding materials. For the welding of non-ferrous metal components in the fields of high-speed rail, automobile, hardware and household app-liances, many green welding methods such as laser welding, laser-arc hybrid welding, friction stir welding, new green brazing technology can be used to realize the green connection of non-ferrous metals. In this paper, the research progress of new efficient green welding technologies and green welding materials related to melt welding, pressure welding and brazing for both ferrous and non-ferrous metal components were reviewed systematically. Firstly, the green welding technologies of large ferrous metal components in shipbuilding, automobile, electric power, petrochemical industry, bridge construction and other fields, as well as their respective characteristics and application scope were introduced. Then, green welding technologies of non-ferrous metal components related to high-speed train, automobile manufacturing, household appliances, electronics industry were summarized. Moreover, robot automatic welding, typical green welding technologies such as laser-arc hybrid welding, friction stir welding and green welding materials such as shaved aluminum alloy wire for high-speed train and low-silver, cadmium-free brazing filler metals and lead-free solders were simply exampled and analyzed. Finally, the existing problems and the future development trends of green welding technologies were summarized and proposed, respectively, which can provide a valuable reference for further popularization and application of green welding technologies in all walks of life in China.
薛松柏, 王博, 张亮, 龙伟民. 中国近十年绿色焊接技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(17): 2813-2830.
XUE Songbai, WANG Bo, ZHANG Liang, LONG Weimin. Development of Green Welding Technology in China During the Past Decade. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(17): 2813-2830.
Committee of Beijing Essen Welding & Cutting Fair. In:Comprehensive technical report of the 23rd Beijing Essen Welding & Cutting Fair. Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society, Dongguan,China, 2018.北京·埃森焊接与切割展览会组委会. 第23届北京·埃森焊接与切割展览会展会综合技术报告.中国机械工程学会,东莞, 2018.2 Welding Technology, 2011, 40(12), 14 (in Chinese).焊接技术, 2011, 40(12), 14.3 Liu L M, Wang H Y. Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2016(6), 16 (in Chinese).刘黎明, 王红阳. 航空制造技术, 2016(6), 16.4 Chinses Welding Society.China Welding: 1994—2016, China Machine Press, China, 2017 (in Chinese).中国机械工程学会焊接学会. 中国焊接: 1994—2016, 机械工业出版社, 2017.5 Liu P F, Zhang X, Wu L F. Metal Working, 2012(8), 17 (in Chinese).刘鹏飞, 张晓, 吴伦发. 金属加工(热加工), 2012(8), 17.6 Luo B, You D, Yan D H. China Water Transport, 2015, 15(9), 14 (in Chinese).罗滨, 尤栋, 闫大海. 中国水运(下半月), 2015, 15(9), 14.7 Bai S J, Wang C, Chen S J, et al. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2013, 39(5), 666 (in Chinese).白韶军, 王超, 陈树君, 等. 北京工业大学学报, 2013, 39(5), 666.8 Shan Q C. Electric Welding Machine, 2018, 48(8), 88 (in Chinese).单庆成. 电焊机, 2018, 48(8), 88.9 Feng Z, Zhang Z Y, Zhao G, et al. Hot Working Technology, 2017, 46(23), 15 (in Chinese).冯振, 张智源, 赵干, 等. 热加工工艺, 2017, 46(23), 15.10 Sharifian S A, Loukzadeh Z, Shojaoddiny-Ardekani A, et al. Acta Med Iran, 2011, 49(2), 98.11 Yang L J. Metal Working, 2016(4), 10 (in Chinese).杨立军. 金属加工(热加工), 2016(4), 10.12 Zhang J, Han W T, Chang Y Q, et al. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2015, 36(10), 9 (in Chinese).张静, 韩文妥, 常永勤, 等. 焊接学报, 2015, 36(10), 9.13 Yang Y T. Technology Innovation and Application, 2014(17), 12 (in Chinese).杨延廷. 科技创新与应用, 2014(17), 12.14 Sun W, Wang P. Boiler Manufacturing, 2013(2), 48 (in Chinese).孙伟, 王萍. 锅炉制造, 2013(2), 48.15 Cao F J, Chen S J, Du C C. Energy Procedia, 2018, 144, 9.16 Xu Y J, Li Y N. Electric Welding Machine, 2010, 40(2), 27 (in Chinese).徐祥久, 李宜男. 电焊机, 2010, 40(2), 27.17 Li Y. Science and Technology Innovation Herald, 2016, 13(21), 42 (in Chinese).李洋. 科技创新导报, 2016, 13(21), 42.18 Wang L, Du Y H. Welding & Joining, 2014(10), 48 (in Chinese).王莉, 杜玉华. 焊接, 2014(10), 48.19 Li H H. Electric Welding Machine, 2010, 40(2), 84 (in Chinese).李汉宏. 电焊机, 2010, 40(2), 84.20 Sun G H, Zhang L D. Power Equipment, 2016, 30(1), 35 (in Chinese).孙国辉, 张立德. 发电设备, 2016, 30(1), 35.21 Jiao X D. Modern Welding, 2016(8), 2 (in Chinese).焦向东. 现代焊接, 2016(8), 2.22 Jiao X D, Zhou C F. Metal Working, 2012(4), 8 (in Chinese).焦向东, 周灿丰. 金属加工(热加工), 2012(4), 8.23 Zheng J, Liu Z W, Pan J L. Defense Manufacturing Technology, 2009(3), 38 (in Chinese).郑军, 刘正文, 潘际銮. 国防制造技术, 2009(3), 38.24 Jiang L P, Xue L, Zou Y, et al. In: 15th National Welding Conference, Qinghai, 2010, pp. 8 (in Chinese).蒋力培, 薛龙, 邹勇, 等. 第十五次全国焊接学术会议,青海, 2010, pp. 8.25 Fang K. Chemical Engineering Design Communications, 2018, 44(9), 31 (in Chinese).方堃. 化工设计通讯, 2018, 44(9), 31.26 Jiao X D, Zhou C F, Xue L, et al. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2009, 30(11), 1 (in Chinese).焦向东, 周灿丰, 薛龙, 等. 焊接学报, 2009, 30(11), 1.27 Jiao X D, Zhou C F. Welding & Joining, 2015(12), 6 (in Chinese).焦向东, 周灿丰. 焊接, 2015(12), 6.28 Xu X J, Shan Y T. Metal Working, 2015(14), 70 (in Chinese).徐向军, 单亚庭. 金属加工(热加工), 2015(14), 70.29 Zhou L J, Hou D H, Jia H L, et al. Shandong Metallurgy, 2015, 37(1), 26 (in Chinese).周兰聚, 侯东华, 贾慧领, 等. 山东冶金, 2015, 37(1), 26.30 Xu X J, Bei Y C, Chang G G. Metal Working, 2015(16), 64 (in Chinese).徐向军, 贝玉成, 常国光. 金属加工(热加工), 2015(16), 64.31 Xu X J. Metal Working, 2016(8), 23 (in Chinese).徐向军. 金属加工(热加工), 2016(8), 23.32 Hou Y X, Xu R Z, Li H, et al. Hot Working Technology, 2019(5), 1 (in Chinese).侯艳喜, 徐荣正, 李慧, 等. 热加工工艺, 2019(5), 1.33 Feng J C, Wang Y R, Zhang Z D. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2005(2), 165 (in Chinese).冯吉才, 王亚荣, 张忠典. 中国有色金属学报, 2005(2), 165.34 Chen Y B, Zhang K Z, Hu X, et al. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 681, 175.35 Zhao Y B, Zhang X L, Li Z Q, et al. Electric Welding Machine, 2017, 47(2), 8 (in Chinese).赵耀邦, 张小龙, 李中权, 等. 电焊机, 2017, 47(2), 8.36 Li L Q, Peng G C, Wang J M, et al. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 133, 812.37 Hao X H, Dong H G, Li P, et al. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2019, 37, 413.38 Wang J D, Xu R Z, Guo X M. Hot Working Technology, 2018, 47(21), 15 (in Chinese).王金达, 徐荣正, 国旭明. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(21), 15.39 Xiong L, He B L. Hot Working Technology, 2017, 46(13), 11 (in Chinese).熊磊, 何柏林. 热加工工艺, 2017, 46(13), 11.40 Li P, Dong H G, Xia Y Q, et al.Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2018, 33, 54.41 Tian Y H, Jiang Z, Wang C X, et al.RSC Advances, 2016, 6(94), 91783.42 Long W M, Sun H W, Zhong S J, et al. Welding Technology, 2016, 45(5), 17 (in Chinese).龙伟民, 孙华为, 钟素娟, 等. 焊接技术, 2016, 45(5), 17.43 Liu W, An R, Wang C Q, et al. Micromachines, 2018, 9(7), 17.44 Wang B, Xue S B, Ma C L, et al.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2017, 27(2), 272.45 Zhuang J W, Yan Q H, Zhang R M. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology, 2018, 46(6), 14 (in Chinese).庄景巍, 颜奇辉, 张瑞敏, 等. 轻合金加工技术, 2018, 46(6), 14.46 Xu X L, Zhu Y L, Li X Y, et al. Welding Technology, 2018, 47(10), 67 (in Chinese).徐晓龙, 朱艳丽, 李欣雨, 等. 焊接技术, 2018, 47(10), 67.47 Liu H W, Wang F K, Ma B, et al. Welding Technology, 2011, 40(1), 36 (in Chinese).刘红伟, 王法科, 马冰, 等. 焊接技术, 2011, 40(1), 36.48 Wang B, Xue S B, Ma C L, et al. Metals, 2017, 7(12), 520.49 林中强. 中国专利, CN 102699564B, 2012.50 Kulekci M K.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2008, 39(9), 851.51 Joost W J, Krajewski P E.Scripta Materialia, 2017, 128, 107.52 Song G, An G Y, Liu L M.Materials & Design, 2012, 35, 323.53 Li Y J, Wu N. Welding & Joining, 2010(3), 5 (in Chinese).李亚江, 吴娜. 焊接, 2010(3), 5.54 Dusan P S.Advances in brazing: science, technology and applications, China Machine Press, China, 2018 (in Chinese).杜森P.萨古利奇. 先进钎焊技术与应用, 机械工业出版社, 2018.55 Li J, Huang J K, Jin Q S.Electric Welding Machine, 2018, 48(1), 109 (in Chinese).李杰, 黄健康, 靳全胜. 电焊机, 2018, 48(1), 109.56 Zhang M J, Chen G Y, Zhang Y, et al. Materials & Design, 2013, 45, 24.57 Mei S W, Gao M, Yan J, et al.Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2013, 18(4), 293.58 Li M, Chen S H, Yang L L, et al. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2016, 37(12), 21 (in Chinese).李猛, 陈树海, 杨磊磊, 等. 焊接学报,2016, 37(12), 21.59 Huang J K, Yu Y L, He J, et al. Hot Working Technology, 2018, 47(5), 46 (in Chinese).黄健康, 于永龙, 何旌, 等. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(5), 46.60 Huang Y X, Huang T F, Wan L, et al.Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering, 2018, 10(1), 23 (in Chinese).黄永宪, 黄体方, 万龙, 等. 精密成形工程, 2018, 10(1), 23.61 Wan L, Huang Y X, Liu X, et al. Welding & Joining, 2018(1), 12 (in Chinese).万龙, 黄永宪, 刘鑫, 等. 焊接, 2018(1), 12.62 Sun J R, Zhu H, Sun L, et al. Hot Working Technology, 2018, 47(5), 15 (in Chinese).孙金睿, 朱海, 孙龙, 等. 热加工工艺, 2018, 47(5), 15.63 Lv X Q, Wu C S, Yang C L, et al.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2018, 254, 145.64 Wu M X, Wu C S, Gao S.Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2017, 29, 85.65 Long W M, Zhang Q K, Zhu K, et al. Welding & Joining, 2014(1), 3 (in Chinese).龙伟民, 张青科, 朱坤, 等. 焊接, 2014(1), 3.66 Long W M, Sun H W, Bao L, et al. Welding Technology, 2016, 45(1), 59 (in Chinese).龙伟民, 孙华为, 鲍丽, 等. 焊接技术, 2016, 45(1), 59.67 Lai Z M. Effects of Ga/In and rare earth Ce on microstructures and properties of brazed joint of Ag30CuZnSn filler metal. Ph.D. Thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, 2011 (in Chinese).赖忠民. Ga/In与稀土Ce对Ag30CuZnSn钎料显微组织及钎焊接头性能影响的研究. 博士学位论文, 南京航空航天大学, 2011.68 Wang X P, Lai Z M, Xue S B, et al.Electric Welding Machine, 2009, 39(11), 1 (in Chinese).王星平, 赖忠民, 薛松柏, 等. 电焊机, 2009, 39(11), 1.69 Zhang T, Xue S B, Mao C L. Welding & Joining, 2014(10), 10 (in Chinese).张涛, 薛松柏, 马超力. 焊接, 2014(10), 10.70 Xue P, Zou Y, He P, et al. Metals, 2019, 9(2), 10.71 Ma C L, Xue S B, Wang B. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 688, 854.72 Ma C L. Effect of Ga and Ce on the microstructures and properties of Ag17CuZnSn filler metals. Ph.D. Thesis, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China, 2017 (in Chinese).马超力. Ga、Ce对Ag17CuZnSn钎料组织及性能的影响. 博士学位论文, 南京航空航天大学, 2017.73 Hasap A, Noraphaiphipaksa N, Kanchanomai C.Welding Journal, 2014, 93(4), 116.74 Huang J, Xue S B, Wang B. Welding & Joining, 2014(11), 14 (in Chinese).黄杰, 薛松柏, 王博. 焊接, 2014(11), 14.75 Wang X R, Yu D K, He Y M, et al. Welding & Joining, 2013(2), 59 (in Chinese).王晓蓉, 余丁坤, 贺艳明, 等. 焊接, 2013(2), 59.76 Li X W, Zhang P, Wang F, et al. In: 2017 China Household Electric Appliance Technology Conference. Hefei, 2017, pp. 4 (in Chinese).李喜武, 张鹏, 王飞, 等. 2017年中国家用电器技术大会. 合肥, 2017, pp. 4.77 Wang X B. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2016, 43(18), 115 (in Chinese).王新兵. 广东化工, 2016, 43(18), 115. 78 He P, Lin P P. Materials Reports A:Review Papers, 2019, 33(1), 156 (in Chinese).何鹏, 林盼盼. 材料导报:综述篇, 2019, 33(1), 156.79 Xue S B, He P. Microelectronics welding technology, China Machine Press, China, 2012 (in Chinese).薛松柏, 何鹏. 微电子焊接技术, 机械工业出版社, 2012.80 Xue P, Xue S B, Shen Y F, et al.Materials & Design, 2014, 60, 1.81 Sun L, Zhang L. Electronics Process Technology, 2015, 36(1), 4 (in Chinese).孙磊, 张亮. 电子工艺技术, 2015, 36(1), 4.82 Lin P, Yang S J.Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis (Part A: Physical Testing), 2013, 49(11), 752 (in Chinese).林鹏, 杨思佳. 理化检验(物理分册), 2013, 49(11), 752.83 Wu J, Xue S B, Wang J W, et al.Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 784, 471.84 Chen J X, Zhao X K, Liu D Y, et al.Journal of Materials Engineering, 2013(9), 91 (in Chinese).陈建勋, 赵兴科, 刘大勇, 等. 材料工程, 2013(9), 91.85 Chuang C L, Tsao L C, Lin H K, et al. Materials Science and Enginee-ring: A, 2012, 558, 478.86 Shi Y P, Xue S B, Wang J X, et al. Welding & Joining, 2007(4), 14 (in Chinese).史益平, 薛松柏, 王俭辛, 等. 焊接, 2007(4), 14.87 Zhang L, Sun L, Guo Y H. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2015, 26(10), 7629.88 Zhang L, Tu KingNing, Chen X W, et al.Science China Technological Sciences,2016, 46(8), 767 (in Chinese).张亮, TU KingNing, 陈信文, 等. 中国科学:技术科学, 2016, 46(8), 767.89 Wu J, Xue S B, Wang J W, et al. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2016, 27(12), 12729.90 Liu X Y, Huang M L, Wu C M L, et al. Journal of Materials Science-Materials in Electronics, 2010, 21(10), 1046.91 Zhang L, Sun L, Guo Y H, et al. Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 36(4), 458 (in Chinese).张亮, 孙磊, 郭永环, 等. 江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 36(4), 458 .92 Gao H, Yang H, Huang D H. Electronic Components and Materials, 2013, 32(1), 59 (in Chinese).高汉, 杨欢, 黄德欢. 电子元件与材料, 2013, 32(1), 59.93 Xu D X, Lei Y P, Zhang B B, et al. Electronic Components and Mate-rials, 2008(3), 68 (in Chinese).徐冬霞, 雷永平, 张冰冰, 等. 电子元件与材料, 2008(3), 68.94 Zhao X Q, Xiao W J, Yang H, et al. Electronic Components and Mate-rials, 2012, 31(3), 53 (in Chinese).赵晓青, 肖文君, 杨欢, 等. 电子元件与材料, 2012, 31(3), 53.95 Xiao W J, Zhao X Q, Wang L R, et al. Electronic Components and Materials, 2012, 31(6), 56 (in Chinese).肖文君, 赵晓青, 王丽荣, 等. 电子元件与材料, 2012, 31(6), 56.96 Zhu H Q, Zeng Y, Li S J. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2016, 43(15), 64 (in Chinese).朱火清, 曾燕, 李世婕. 广东化工, 2016, 43(15), 64.97 Qin C Y, Li H P, Yang Y, et al.Applied Chemical Industry, 2013, 42(10), 1782 (in Chinese).秦春阳, 李海普, 杨鹰, 等. 应用化工, 2013, 42(10), 1782.98 Wang T, Zhang B G, Feng J C, et al.Materials Characterization, 2012, 73, 104.99 Song T F, Jiang X S, Mo D F, et al. Materials Reports:Review Papers, 2015, 29(11), 81 (in Chinese).宋庭丰, 蒋小松, 莫德锋, 等. 材料导报:综述篇, 2015, 29(11), 81.100 Liu K, Li Y J, Wang J.Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2016, 31(16), 2165.101 Chu Q L. Fusion welding on TA1/Q345 laminated structure and joint microstructure evolution. Ph.D. Thesis, Xian University of Technology, China, 2017 (in Chinese).褚巧玲. TA1/Q345层状复合板焊接机理及其组织演变行为研究. 博士学位论文, 西安理工大学, 2017.102 Tomashchuk I, Grevey D, Sallamand P. Materials Science and Enginee-ring: A, 2015, 622, 37.103 Wang T, Zhang B G, Chen G Q, et al. Vacuum, 2013, 94, 41.104 Lee M K, Lee J G, Choi Y H, et al. Materials Letters, 2010, 64(9), 1105.105 Liao J S, Yamamoto N, Liu H, et al. Materials Letters, 2010, 64(21), 2317.106 Zhang R Z, Xia Y Q, Dong H G, et al. Welding Digest of Machinery Manufacturing, 2018(5), 1 (in Chinese).张润泽, 夏月庆, 董红刚, 等. 机械制造文摘(焊接分册), 2018(5), 1.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2019, Vol. 33 
