Abstract: The global energy crisis and environmental pollution have long come to the foreground of our attention. As a kind of renewable energy, clean, low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion and utilization are of great significance. The solar energy can be converted into hydrogen energy which can be stored and transported through the photocatalysis, and the sea water can be desalinated by the solar energy through the photothermal effect. Both of them can help to alleviate the problems of energy shortage, environmental pollution and shortage of fresh water resources and the like. How to improve the energy conversion efficiency oflight energy conversion materials is a key issue in the field of solar energy conversion. The properties of materials depend on a number of factors, among which configuration is one of the most important factors. Therefore, excellent material configuration design has become a research hotspot in many fields such as materials, chemistry, biology, etc., to attain the requirements for applications of photocatalysis, photothermal therapy, energy conversion and storage. However, at present, the main methodology of artificial preparation are “bottom-up” chemical self-assembly and “top-down” physical processing. Both of them are unlikely to balance both cost and efficiency and obtain hoped-for configurations. In view of this, some scholars put forward the concept of “Morphology genetic materials”, which refers to the fine configuration of natural organisms (including microorganisms, animals and plants).And, they have advocated utilizing the structure of natural organisms as template to prepare materials with special structures and functions, which had provided distinctive insights and inspiration for scientific research in many fields nowadays. In recent years, solar energy conversion materials based on biological fine configuration have developed rapidly, and a large number of outstanding achievements have emerged in the field of photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal conversion.Inspired by photosynthesis in nature, solar energy can be converted to chemical energy by photocatalysis reactions. Materials with three-dimensional hierarchical structure exhibits good anisotropy, large reaction contact area and sufficient micro-nano pores, which can effectively enhance the electrical, optical and catalytic properties of semiconductor. Micro-nano porous structure materials with leaves, butterflies and others organisms as templates could improve the absorption of incident light of the catalyst, and also provide more reaction sites for water splitting. The hydrogen production performance is several times hig-her than that of materials with common configuration. At the same time, in the photo-thermal water evaporation system, the composite materials consist of metal nanoparticles and butterfly wings, lotus or other templates show excellent photothermal evaporation rate and conversion efficiency due to the rapid water absorption capacity, efficient light absorption, light enhancement ability and good thermal insulation ability of biological templates. In this paper, construction and application of solar energy efficient conversion materials based on biological fine configuration such as lea-ves, butterflies, diatoms, etc. are summarized, including their application in photocatalytic water decomposition and light-driven water evaporation. This paper could provide valuable information for the study in design and preparation of light energy conversion materials with graded micro-nano configurations.
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2019, Vol. 33 
