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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (3): 25030054-11    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030054
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
橡胶的老化与寿命评估
刘轶平, 余金桂*, 章桥新
武汉理工大学机电工程学院,武汉 430070
Aging and Lifetime Assessment of Rubbers
LIU Yiping, YU Jingui*, ZHANG Qiaoxin
School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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摘要 橡胶老化是橡胶制品使用过程中不可避免的一种固有现象,但其引发的工程问题和经济损失却是巨大的,而橡胶老化寿命常用来评价其在应用中的安全可靠性,故有必要系统揭示橡胶老化机理与防护手段以延长寿命。本文阐述了橡胶老化的影响因素,橡胶老化的外部因素如光、温度、湿度、电、氧、臭氧和金属离子等可加速橡胶老化,内部因素如C=C不饱和双键和配合剂种类及用量也会影响其耐老化性能。对热(光)氧老化、臭氧老化和疲劳老化的机理进行了详细阐述,并介绍了相应的防护手段如添加防老剂、改变橡胶配方、共混或并用其他橡胶材料等。对橡胶耐老化性能的评价方法中物理性能分析(如力学性能、热性能和阻尼性能)方法和微观结构分析(如交联密度和官能团变化)方法进行比较,分析这些方法各自的优点和局限性。之后不仅概述了橡胶老化试验,还深入探讨了常用的老化寿命预测模型及其优化策略,同时对人工智能技术在老化预测模型中的应用情况进行了系统介绍。最后通过比较天然橡胶(NR)、硅橡胶(SR)、丁腈橡胶(NBR)、丁基橡胶(IIR)、氯丁橡胶(CR)的老化寿命,为橡胶制品的设计和应用提供了重要参考。
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刘轶平
余金桂
章桥新
关键词:  影响因素  老化机理  老化评价  寿命预测  老化寿命    
Abstract: Rubber aging is an inherent process that significantly impacts engineering performance and economic costs. As its lifespan serves as a critical indicator of safety and reliability, a systematic investigation into the aging mechanisms and protective strategies is essential for enhancing durability. This paper systematically illustrates both external and internal influencing factors of rubber aging. External elements, light, temperature, humidity, electrical stress, oxygen, ozone, and metal ions accelerate rubber degradation processes, while intrinsic determinants such as C=C unsaturated bonds and the formulation characteristics (types/dosages of compounding agents) profoundly affect its anti-aging properties. The mechanisms underlying thermo/photo-oxidative aging, ozone aging, and fatigue aging are elucidated with corresponding protective strategies, including anti-aging agent incorporation, formula modification, and polymer blending techniques. As for evaluation methods, a critical comparison is established between physical characterization methods (mechanical performance, thermal behavior, damping properties) and micro-structural analytical approaches (cross-link density variation, functional group evolution), with rigorous assessment of their respective merits and technical constraints. Beyond conventional aging testing protocols, the study conducts comprehensive analysis on prevalent lifetime prediction models with optimization strategies, while AI-enabled predictive frameworks are also reviewed systematically. The paper ends with a comparative lifetime analysis among different rubbers, natural rubber (NR), silicone rubber (SR), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), and chloroprene rubber (CR) providing essential guidance for material selection and engineering design of rubber products.
Key words:  influencing factor    aging mechanism    aging evaluation    lifetime prediction    aging lifetime
发布日期:  2026-02-13
ZTFLH:  TQ330  
基金资助: 武汉科技大学机械传动与制造工程湖北省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(MTMEOF2021B05)
通讯作者:  *余金桂,博士,武汉理工大学副教授、博士研究生导师。目前主要从事:金属及复合材料零部件结构设计、优化及力-热-耐腐蚀等多尺度模拟及实验研究;面向材料/结构一体化复杂零部件的3D打印工艺及工程应用研究。   
作者简介:  刘轶平,武汉理工大学机电工程学院硕士研究生,在余金桂副教授的指导下研究氯丁橡胶工艺优化与性能提升。
引用本文:    
刘轶平, 余金桂, 章桥新. 橡胶的老化与寿命评估[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(3): 25030054-11.
LIU Yiping, YU Jingui, ZHANG Qiaoxin. Aging and Lifetime Assessment of Rubbers. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(3): 25030054-11.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030054  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I3/25030054
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