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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (2): 24120156-8    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24120156
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
核电316H奥氏体不锈钢疲劳损伤机制与温度敏感性研究
董贺展1, 余婷1, 宋宇轩1,2,*, 王志强1, 蔡智会4, 金伟娅1,2,3, 蒋炎尧1,2, 高增梁1,2,3,*
1 浙江工业大学化工机械设计研究所,杭州 310023
2 嵊州市浙江工业大学创新研究院,浙江 嵊州 312400
3 浙江工业大学过程装备及其再制造教育部工程研究中心,杭州 310014
4 温州市特种设备检测科学研究院,浙江 温州 325038
Study on Fatigue Cracking Mechanism and Temperature Sensitivity of 316H Austenitic Stainless Steel
DONG Hezhan1, YU Ting1, SONG Yuxuan1,2,*, WANG Zhiqiang1, CAI Zhihui4, JIN Weiya1,2,3, JIANG Yanyao1,2, GAO Zengliang1,2,3,*
1 Institute of Process Equipment and Control Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
2 Institute of Innovation Research of Shengzhou and Zhejiang University of Technology, Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China
3 Engineering Research Center of Process Equipment and Re-manufacturing Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
4 Special Equipment Testing Science Research Institute, Wenzhou 325038, Zhejiang, China
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摘要 316H奥氏体不锈钢具有优异的高温性能,是第Ⅳ代核电高温气冷堆一回路管道的候选材料之一。然而,其结构构件在高温下仍然存在非预期疲劳开裂现象,亟需深入分析其疲劳失效机制,揭示其高温下的疲劳损伤机理。本工作开展不同温度的316H不锈钢拉伸试验,发现屈服强度与抗拉强度随试验温度的升高逐渐降低,但延伸率则在常温至300 ℃的范围内随温度的升高而降低,在300～550 ℃之间出现平台,在550 ℃以上随试验温度的升高而增大。通过开展常温和高温气冷堆服役温度600 ℃条件下的316H不锈钢低周疲劳实验,获得了常温与高温下的循环应力-应变特征,分别构建了S-N曲线,通过微观表征技术对拉伸与疲劳的微观组织结构演化、断口形貌进行分析,研究其断裂机理。结果表明:300 ℃以下晶界结构稳定,主要为穿晶断裂机制;而550 ℃以上晶界出现析出物,拉伸断口呈现出部分沿晶断裂特征。在常温与高温下均呈现出循环硬化、循环软化、快速失效三个阶段,且高温实验后晶粒尺寸变大,而常温下晶粒无明显变化,但几何必须位错密度(GND)增加明显。此外,常温下疲劳裂纹的启裂机制为滑移带累积导致材料表面出现疲劳裂纹源;而高温下,裂纹启裂位置氧化严重,呈现出疲劳-氧化协同启裂特征。研究结果对高温气冷堆一回路管道的设计、运维与表面强化延寿有重要科学意义。
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董贺展
余婷
宋宇轩
王志强
蔡智会
金伟娅
蒋炎尧
高增梁
关键词:  高温气冷堆  316H奥氏体不锈钢  疲劳  高温  疲劳损伤机制    
Abstract: 316H austenitic stainless steel is one of the candidate materials for the first circuit piping in the high temperature gas-cooled reactors of Gene-ration IV nuclear power plants by virtue of its excellent high temperature performance. However, unexpected fatigue cracking occurs inits structural components at high temperatures, and there is an urgent need to understand the fatigue failure mechanism. In the current research, tensile experiments of 316H stainless steel at different temperatures were carried out. It was found that the yield strength and the ultimate strength gradually decrease with the increase in temperature, while the elongation decreases with increasing temperature in the range from room temperature to 300 ℃. A plateau appears in the range of 300 ℃ to 550 ℃, and the elongation increases with the increase of the test temperature above 550 ℃. By carrying out low frequency fatigue experiments of the material at room temperature and at the gas-cooled reactor service temperature of 600 ℃, the cyclic stress-strain characteristics and the S-N curves at both temperatures were obtained. The microstructural evolution under static tension and low cycle fatigue and the fracture profiles of the tested specimens were analyzed by micro characterization techniques, and the fracture mechanism was studied. The results show that the structure of the grain boundary is stable below 300 ℃, and fatigue cracking is mainly due to transgranular fracture; while precipitates appear in the grain boundaries above 550 ℃ and the tensile fracture shows a characteristic of partial intergranular fracture. At both room and high temperatures, the material exhibits three distinct cyclic stages: cyclic hardening, cyclic softening, and rapid failure. Post-fatigue characterization reveals significant grain coarsening at high temperature, whereas at room temperature, the grain size remains stable while the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density increases markedly. Furthermore, the fatigue crack initiation mechanisms differ: at room temperature, cracks originate from the surface due to slip-band accumulation; in contrast, at high temperature, the initiation sites suffer from severe oxidation, manifesting a fatigue-oxidation synergistic initiation characteristic.
Key words:  high-temperature gas-cooled piping    316H austenitic stainless steel    fatigue    high temperature    fatigue initiation cracking mechanism
出版日期:  2026-01-25      发布日期:  2026-01-27
ZTFLH:  TL341  
  TG142.71  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52305168);浙江省自然科学基金青年项目(LQ24E050020);温州市市场监督管理局科研计划项目(2024012);浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ22E050004)
通讯作者:  *宋宇轩,浙江工业大学特聘副研究员。长期从事高温压力容器结构完整性与高效智能检测装备研发工作,研究方向为机械装备结构完整性、航空发动机单晶叶片铸造。songyux@zjut.edu.cn;
高增梁,浙江工业大学机械工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为机械装备结构完整性和安全评估,高效过程装备研究开发。zlgao@zjut.edu.cn   
作者简介:  董贺展,现为浙江工业大学机械工程学院硕士研究生,在蒋炎尧教授,宋宇轩副研究员的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为金属材料学,研究方向为金属材料及其表面强化。
引用本文:    
董贺展, 余婷, 宋宇轩, 王志强, 蔡智会, 金伟娅, 蒋炎尧, 高增梁. 核电316H奥氏体不锈钢疲劳损伤机制与温度敏感性研究[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(2): 24120156-8.
DONG Hezhan, YU Ting, SONG Yuxuan, WANG Zhiqiang, CAI Zhihui, JIN Weiya, JIANG Yanyao, GAO Zengliang. Study on Fatigue Cracking Mechanism and Temperature Sensitivity of 316H Austenitic Stainless Steel. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(2): 24120156-8.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24120156  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I2/24120156
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