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材料导报  2025, Vol. 39 Issue (18): 24070028-8    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24070028
  无机非金属及其复合材料 |
锂离子电池硅基负极膨胀机理及改性研究进展
付举1,2, 马星阳1,2, 谢雯娜1,2, 吕鹏飞1,2, 智茂永1,2,*
1 中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院,民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室,四川 广汉 618307
2 中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院,四川省全电通航飞行器关键技术工程研究中心,四川 广汉 618307
Advances in the Expansion Mechanism and Modification of Silicon-based Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries
FU Ju1,2, MA Xingyang1,2, XIE Wenna1,2, LYU Pengfei1,2, ZHI Maoyong1,2,*
1 Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,Sichuan,China
2 Sichuan Key Technology Engineering Research Center for All-electric Navigable Aircraft,College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Guanghan 618307,Sichuan,China
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摘要 锂离子电池凭借能量密度高、自放电率低、无记忆效应等优点在能源领域发展迅猛,其中硅基负极因高理论比容量被认为是继石墨之后最具潜力的负极材料。然而,硅基负极在嵌脱锂过程中严重的体积膨胀导致的电池容量衰减、库仑效率下降等问题仍阻碍其商业化应用。本文综述硅基负极的膨胀机理及改性方面的研究,旨在为解决其用作锂离子电池负极材料时面临的膨胀问题提供理论支撑和实践指导。通过介绍硅基负极的工作原理,深入探讨其膨胀机理,并详细分析了膨胀对硅基负极性能的影响和潜在危害。深入剖析膨胀现象及机理,重点从多维度纳米硅结构、复合物、粘结剂和电解液设计四个关键方面系统阐释了硅基负极的改性研究,并展望了今后的发展方向。
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付举
马星阳
谢雯娜
吕鹏飞
智茂永
关键词:  锂离子电池  硅基负极  膨胀  纳米结构设计  复合物设计  粘结剂设计  电解液设计    
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are developing rapidly in the energy field due to their advantages of high energy density,low self-discharge rate,no me-mory effect,etc.Silicon-based anodes are considered to be the most promising anode material following graphite due to its high theoretical specific capacity.However,the serious volume expansion of silicon-based anodes during the lithiation/delithiation process results in capacity degradation,coulombic efficiency decline,and other issues,which still hinder its commercialization.This paper reviews the expansion mechanism and modification research progress of silicon-based anodes,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for solving the expansion problem faced when it is used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries.Through the introduction of the working principle of silicon-based anodes,it discusses the expansion mechanism in depth and analyzes in detail the effects and potential hazards of expansion on the performance of silicon-based anodes.More specifically,it focuses on four aspects,namely,multi-dimensional nano-silicon structure,composite,binder,and electrolyte design,to systematically elucidate the research on silicon-based anode modification,and to make a prospective outlook on the future development.
Key words:  lithium-ion battery    silicon-based anode    volume expansion    nanostructure design    composite design    binder design    electrolyte design
出版日期:  2025-09-25      发布日期:  2025-09-11
ZTFLH:  V32  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(22379162);四川省科技计划(2021SZY007);中央高校基本科研业务费基金(J2022-092);民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室基金(MZ2022JB02)
通讯作者:  *智茂永,中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事航空安全、动力电池热管理研究工作。zhimaoyong@cafuc.edu.cn   
作者简介:  付举,中国民用航空飞行学院民航安全工程学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事动力锂电池关键材料、锂电池热安全与监测预警研究工作。
引用本文:    
付举, 马星阳, 谢雯娜, 吕鹏飞, 智茂永. 锂离子电池硅基负极膨胀机理及改性研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(18): 24070028-8.
FU Ju, MA Xingyang, XIE Wenna, LYU Pengfei, ZHI Maoyong. Advances in the Expansion Mechanism and Modification of Silicon-based Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(18): 24070028-8.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24070028  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I18/24070028
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