Abstract: Two-dimensional graphene with excellent theoretical electron mobility provides a theoretical foundation for the composite of graphene and fly ash geopolymer as well as the photo-generated electron transmission of semiconductor. The graphene fly-ash-based geopolymer composite was firstly synthesized and applied as photocatalyst for degradation of dye. XRD, FESEM, XPS and FT-IR results showed that the spherical fly ash particles reacted with alkali-activated agent to generate the graphene alkali-activated fly-ash-based geopolymer (GAFG) which was composed of Si-O-Si (Al) amorphous net structure, and the lamellate graphene was wrapped inside. The fact that the Co-10Fe2O3-GAFG sample displayed the highest photocatalytic activity for degradation of basic blue dye was ascribed to the synergistic effect of: the donor level of Fe2O3 semiconductor induced by Co2+ doping, the rapid photoelectron transfer from Fe2O3 semiconductor to graphene, and the oxidative degradation of dye molecules by hydroxyl radicals. The photocatalytic degradation reaction coincides with the second-order reaction kinetics.
Cao J, Fang Y, Fan R D, et al.Research progress of extracting alumina and silica from sly ash[J]. Inorg Chem Ind, 2015,47(8):10 (in Chinese).曹君,方莹,范仁东,等. 粉煤灰提取氧化铝联产二氧化硅的研究进展[J].无机盐工业,2015,47(8):10.
[3]
Sun S J, Liu X M.Recycling utilization of fly ash in china: Situations, problems and countermeasures[J]. Fly Ash Compr Utiliz,2015(3):45.孙淑静, 刘学敏. 我国粉煤灰资源化利用现状、问题及对策分析[J]. 粉煤灰综合利用,2015(3):45.
[4]
Gunasekara C, Law D W, Setunge S, et al.Zeta potential, gel formation and compressive strength of low calcium fly ash geopolymers[J].Constr Build Mater,2015,95:592.
[5]
Ryu G S, Lee Y B, Koh K T, et al.The mechanical properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators[J]. Constr Build Mater,2013,47:409.
[6]
Bakharev T.Geopolymeric materials prepared using class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing[J]. Cem Concr Res,2005,35:1224.
[7]
Law D W, Adam A A, Molyneaux T K, et al.Long term durability properties of class F fly ash geopolymer concrete[J]. Mater Struct,2015,48:721.
[8]
Chindaprasirt P, Rattanasak U, Taebuanhuad S.Resistance to acid and sulfate solutions of microwave-assisted high calcium fly ash geopolymer[J]. Mater Struct,2013,46:375.
[9]
Temuujin J, Minjigmaa A, Lee M, et al.Characterisation of class F fly ash geopolymer pastes immersed in acid and alkaline solutions[J]. Cem Concr Compos,2011,33:1086.
[10]
Chindaprasirt P, Chalee W.Effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on chloride penetration and steel corrosion of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete under marine site[J]. Constr Build Mater,2014,63:303.
[11]
Roy D M.Alkali activated cement opportunities and challenges[J]. Cem Concr Res, 1999, 29:249.
[12]
Rashad A M.Alkali-activated metakaolin: A short guide for civil engineer—An overview[J]. Constr Build Mater,2013,41:751.
[13]
Zhang Y J, Zhang M Y, Kang L, et al.Research progresses of new type alkali-activated cementitious material catalyst[J]. J Inorg Mater,2016, 31(3):225.张耀君, 杨梦阳, 康乐, 等. 一类新型碱激发胶凝材料催化剂的研究进展[J]. 无机材料学报,2016,31(3):225.
[14]
Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J]. Science,2004,306(5696):666.
[15]
Neto A H C, Guinea F, Peres N M R, et al. The electronic properties of grapheme[J].Rev Mod Phys,2009,81:109.
[16]
Stankovich S, Dikin D A, Dommett G H B, et al. Graphene-based composite materials[J]. Nature,2006,442(7100):282.
[17]
Lee C G, Wei X D, Kysar J W, et al.Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J]. Science,2008, 321(5887):385.
[18]
Novoselov K S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, et al.Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene[J]. Science,2007,315(5817):1379.
[19]
Wang Y, Huang Y, Song Y, et al.Room-temperature ferromagne-tism of graphene[J]. Nano Lett,2009,9(1):220.
[20]
Ivanovskii A L.Graphene-based and graphene-like materials[J]. Russ Chem Rev,2012,81(7):571.
[21]
Vasilios G, Michal O, Athanasios B B, et al.Functionalization of graphene: Covalent and non-covalent approaches, derivatives and applications[J]. Chem Rev,2012,112:6156.
[22]
Fujii H, Ohtaki M, Eguchi K, et al.Preparation and photocatalytic activities of a semiconductor composite of CdS embedded in a TiO2 gel as a stable oxide semiconducting matrix[J]. J Mol Catal A: Chem,1998,129(1):61.
[23]
Wieczorek-Ciurowa K, Kozak A J.The thermal decomposition of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O[J].J Therm Anal Calorim,1999,58:647.
Zhang Y J, Zhao Y L, Li H H, et al.Structure characterization of hydration products generated by alkaline activation of granulated blast furnace slag[J]. J Mater Sci,2008,43:7141.
[26]
Guivar J A R, et al. Vacancy ordered α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles functionalized with nanohydr-oxyapatite: XRD, FTIR, TEM, XPS and Mössbauer studies[J]. Appl Surf Sci,2016,389:721.
[27]
Descostes M, Mercier F, Thromat N, et al.Use of XPS in the determination of chemical environment and oxidation state of iron and sulfur samples: Constitution of a data basis in binding energies for Fe and S reference compounds and applications to the evidence of surface species of an oxidized pyrite in a carbonate medium[J]. Appl Surf Sci,2000,165:288.
[28]
Jing H, Song X, Ren S, et al.ZIF-67 derived nanostructures of Co/CoO and Co@N-doped graphitic carbon as counter electrode for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells[J]. Electrochim Acta,2016,213:252.
[29]
Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald C B, et al.Anisotropic ferromagnetism in substituted zinc oxide[J]. Phys Rev Lett,2004,93:177206.
[30]
Garbowski E, Guenin M, Marion M C, et al.Catalytic properties and surface states of cobalt-containing oxidation catalysts[J]. Appl Catal,1990, 64:209.
[31]
Palomo A, Grutzeck M W, Blanco M T.Alkali-activated fly ashes—A cement for the future[J]. Cem Concr Res,1999,29:1323.
[32]
Timakul P, Rattanaprasit W, Aungkavattana P.Improving compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer composites by basalt fibers addition[J]. Ceram Int,2016,42:6288.
[33]
Komnitsas K A.Potential of geopolymer technology towards green buildings and sustainable cities[J]. Procedia Eng,2011,21:1023.
[34]
Ho Y S, Mckay G.Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes[J].Proc Biochem,1999,34:451.
[35]
Damme H V, Hall W K.Photoassisted decomposition of water at the gas-solid interface on titanium dioxide[J].J Am Chem Soc,1979,101:4373.
渝公网安备50019002502923号 版权所有：《材料导报》编辑部
2017, Vol. 31 
