Abstract: It is well known that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic and corrosive chemical, imposes severe health threat on human beings, and may lead to equipment and pipelines failures. Every effort has been made to completely remove H2S. The most suitable method is to employ some effective chemical scavengers, which react with H2S dissolved into an aqueous/oil/gas phase and convert it into a nontoxic and less corrosive compound that can be easily removed. Instead of direct addition of a chemical scavenger, different approaches, including absorption and adsorption, are also adopted to eliminate H2S from gas streams and during well-drilling processes under the actual reservoir conditions. The most recent research advancements are the applications of nano-active sulfide scavengers (NASS) and bio-enzyme scavengers (BES) for H2S removal. NASS is a non-toxic, non-hazardous, non-dangerous chemical that is manufactured by using advanced chemical nanotechnology processes. It has unique molecular properties to enhance chemical reactivity and selectivity and can absorb a wide range of harmful chemicals. Due to its enhanced chemical reactivity and selectivity as well as exceptionally high porosity, NASS improves scavenger efficacy by 4—6 times. On the other hand, BES is generated by cloning the cDNA sequence from a thermophilic organism and an encoded protein in a suitable vector. Its efficacy is evaluated in the reservoir brine, crude oil and mixed reservoir fluids from laboratory-scale tests to pilot-scale tests with the reduction of H2S concentration in the range of 72%—90%. This review presents the most recent research progresses and technical evaluations of a variety of chemical and biological H2S scavengers that are currently used in the oil and gas industry. It also reveals some technical challenges and offers potential technical solutions. Future studies are required to design and formulate high-capacity sorbents with 100% re-generability. In addition, advanced studies are also required to research and develop environment-friendly and highly effective hydrogen sulfide scavengers through bio-nanotechnology.
张峙, 李飞, 胡琳琪, 郑安应, 佘跃惠, 张文达. 油气工业生物及化学硫化氢清除剂研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(17): 17185-17189.
ZHANG Shi, LI Fei, HU Linqi, ZHENG Anying, SHE Yuehui, ZHANG Wenda. Recent Research Progresses of Biological and Chemical H2S Scavengers in the Oil and Gas Industry. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(17): 17185-17189.
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