柔性可穿戴电子应变传感器的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.22030317

材料导报

2023, Vol. 37

Issue (21): 22030317-23 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.22030317

无机非金属及其复合材料

柔性可穿戴电子应变传感器的研究进展

门海蛟, 宋健尧, 黄秉经, 李建昌^*

东北大学真空与流体工程技术研究中心,沈阳 110819

Recent Advances in Flexible and Wearable Strain Sensors

MEN Haijiao, SONG Jianyao, HUANG Bingjing, LI Jianchang^*

Vacuum and Fluid Engineering Research Center, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

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摘要柔性可穿戴电子应变传感器因可承受力学形变、质轻及实时监测等优点,是柔性电子领域的研究热点之一,本文从材料选择、器件结构、传感原理、疲劳失效及数值模拟等方面进行了综述。应变传感器的力电转化效率与寿命从本质上取决于导电网络演变和功能层/基底界面,需综合衡量材料的导电性和浸润性等属性,提高其传感性能。功能层结构分为螺旋、褶皱、编织、多孔及仿生五类。传感原理包括压阻、电容及压电式,其中压阻式分为断开机制、裂纹扩展及量子隧道效应。疲劳特性研究表明,交变应力会导致功能层屈曲、开裂及脱落。利用官能团改性、构建三维自交联阵列、引入拓扑结构及形成有序纳米晶畴可改善器件服役行为。疲劳失效模型归纳为拉、弯及扭转形式,在此基础上讨论了模型建立原则、力学本构关系及寿命预测精度。结合数值模拟和应变传递理论构建等效导电路径模型可揭示传感过程中的形态变化、应变分布及界面作用,实现对外界刺激的精准测量。下一步应从基底热力学稳定性、极端条件下服役行为、力电转换机制及穿戴舒适性等方面深入探究,为构建综合性能良好的传感器奠定基础。

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关键词: 柔性电子技术应变传感器界面效应疲劳失效多尺度模拟

Abstract: Recently, flexible and wearable electronic sensors has become a hot topic owing to their superior mechanical properties, lightweight, and real-time monitoring. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent progress of wearable electronic strain sensors and discuss developing trends of strain sensing technology from the aspect of material selection, structure design, working principles, fatigue failure as well as numerical analysis. The results show that the electromechanical conversion efficiency and fatigue life of the strain sensor essentially depend on conductive network evolution and layer-substrate interface. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the conductivity and wettability of the material to improve the sensing properties. Depending on different structural characteristics, the functional layer is generally categorized into five types, including helical, wrinkled, knitted, three-dimensional porous, and biomimetic architectures. There are three types of sensor mechanisms: piezoresistivity, capacitance, and piezoelectricity. Particularly, the principle of the piezoresistive sensor can be classified into disconnection mechanism, crack propagation, and tunneling effect. The studying on the fatigue characteristics shows that alternating stress can cause the functional layer to buckle, crack, and fall off. The fatigue life of a device can be effectively improved by functional group modification, the construction of a three-dimensional self-cross-linking array, the formation of topological structures, and the introduction of high-energy nanostructures. The fatigue failure models of tension, bending, and torsion deformations were schematically analyzed through construction theory, mechanical constitutive relation, and fatigue life prediction. For more efficient and accurate measurement of external stimuli, the conductive circuits model can be established by combining numerical simulations and strain transfer theory to reveal morphological changes, strain distribution, and interfacial effects. Although tremendous progress has been made for wearable strain sensors, it is of vital significance to develop thermodynamic stability, service behavior under extreme conditions, and electromechanical conversion mechanisms in order to fabricate devices with excellent strain-sensing performance.

Key words: flexible electronics technology strain sensor interfacial effects fatigue failure multiscale numerical simulation

出版日期: 2023-11-10 发布日期: 2023-11-10

ZTFLH:

TP212.9

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51773030)

通讯作者: ^*李建昌,东北大学机械工程与自动化学院教授、博士研究生导师,2000年北京大学电子学系物理电子学专业博士毕业。2009年入选“辽宁百千万人才工程”千人层,研究方向为真空科学技术、凝聚态薄膜及纳米电子器件。已在Physical Review Letters、The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters、Organic Electronics、Chemistry of Materials、Journal of Physical Chemistry C、Journal of Physical Chemistry B及Applied Physics Letters等知名国际学术期刊上发表学术论文40多篇。jcli@mail.neu.edu.cn

作者简介: 门海蛟,2015年6月、2019年6月于沈阳师范大学分别获得理学学士学位和硕士学位。现为东北大学机械工程与自动化学院博士研究生,在李建昌教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究领域为柔性高分子基复合薄膜及纳米电子器件。

引用本文:

门海蛟, 宋健尧, 黄秉经, 李建昌. 柔性可穿戴电子应变传感器的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(21): 22030317-23.
MEN Haijiao, SONG Jianyao, HUANG Bingjing, LI Jianchang. Recent Advances in Flexible and Wearable Strain Sensors. Materials Reports, 2023, 37(21): 22030317-23.

链接本文:

http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.22030317 或 http://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2023/V37/I21/22030317

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