A Review of Shape Memory Effect and Mechanism of Wood
SHAO Yali1,2, WANG Ximing1
1 College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China 2 Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot 010070, China
Abstract: Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have the ability to respond to specific stimuli and return from a temporary shape to an original shape. Water is a readily available, environmentally friendly stimuli, so hydro-thermal response or water-induced shape memory materials have become the focus of research. Wood is a polymer-based natural intelligent materials with a shape memory effect that can be fixed into a temporary shape by a predetermined method such as compression or bending, and then restored to its permanent shape under hydrothermal action. However, compared with the artificial SMPs, the microscopic structure of natural wood is composed of different tissue structure, cell morphology and pore structure, and the chemical structure is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin embedded and permeated by hydrogen bond, covalent bond and physical combination. The complex microstructure and chemical structure of wood increase the difficulty of representing the characteristics, constructing the theoretical model and revealing the mechanism of shape memory. Recently, It is found that the shape memory effect of wood in the process of drying wood is based on the reversible strain of quasi-residual frozen strain. By studying the thermo-hydro-mechanical strains model of wood, it is found that the Rr which characterizing the deformation resilience and the Rf which characterizing the deformation fixation rate are functions of the freezing strain. The programming process of wood shape memory includes bending shape memory, stretching shape memory, compression shape memory. Quantitative characterization of shape memory polymers can be applied to wood. There are four types of polymers shape memory models: cross-linked network model, supra-molecular network model, percolation network model and overall architecture model. The overall architecture of SMPs composed of switching units and network nodes can be used to fully explain the structure of shape memory polymers. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in wood have corresponding changes under the action of specific thermo-hydro-mechanical. At the molecular level, the mechanisms for eliminating the shape memory effect are revealed based on the changes of three major elements, including the theory of cell wall micromorphic deformation, the theory of cellulose stress relaxation and hydrophobization. In summary, this paper takes the frozen strain as the basis for studying the shape memory effect of wood. The methods of quantitatively eva-luating shape memory effects are reviewed. The structural model of the shape record material and the spatial structure of the wood material is analyzed. The mechanism of eliminating the shape memory effect of wood materials under the action of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) is described.
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2021, Vol. 35 
