Recent Progress on Key Material and Technology for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
LI Zijin1,2, WANG Weiyan2,3,*, LI Hongjiang2, HUANG Jinhua2, XU Qing1
1 School of Materials Science and Chemistry Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211, China 2 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China 3 State Key Laboractory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Abstract: To make photovoltaic system be competitive with conventional energy resources, the levelized cost of electricity should be reduced. The straightforward approach to reduce cost is to raise the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Tandem solar cells, using high bandgap top cell combined with low bandgap bottom cell, can reduce the thermalization loss for high energy photons and sub-bandgap losses for low energy photons, as a result, increasing the PCE of solar cells. Recently, the emerging perovskite/crystalline silicon (c-Si) tandem solar cells, with the advantages of appropriate bandgap, high theoretical efficiency, and simple preparation processes, has made tremendous progress. The record efficiency for perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells is improved to 28%. The architecture of perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells mainly includes mechanically stacked four-terminal and monolithically integrated two-terminal configuration. Among them, the monolithic tandem solar cells, which only use one transparent electrode, can reduce the parasitic absorption and preparation cost, becoming the mainstream architecture. Besides configuration improvement, the development of appropriate materials for tandem solar cells is also of great importance. Firstly, the opaque metal electrodes in top perovskite solar cells should be replaced by transpa-rent electrodes, in order that the bottom c-Si solar cells can absorb the transmitted infrared photons. The mainly used transparent electrode is transpa-rent conductive oxides. Secondly, the optimal bandgap of top perovskite solar cells is 1.7—1.8 eV. However, there is a strong deviation between open-circuit voltage and bandgap for wide bandgap perovskite solar cells. Thus, developing high performance wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is important to achieve high voltage and PCE of tandem solar cells. Thirdly, the interlayer between perovskite and c-Si subcells functions to recombine charge carriers and couple light into bottom cells, thus interlayer should possess intermediate refractive index, low parasitic absorption, and optimized conductivity. The commonly used interlayer includes tin doped indium oxides, doped nanocrystalline silicon, and nanocrystalline silicon oxides. Though fast progresses have been made for the performance of tandem solar cells, the state-of-the-art efficiency of 28% is still well below the theoretical limit efficiency of 43%, thus large efforts should be done to further improve the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and PCE of tandem solar cells. To improve the current density, the parasitic absorption in charge transport layer, transparent electrodes, interlayer should be further minimized, and the reflection loss should be reduced through light management, such as using textured structure, anti-reflection layer, and interlayer with optimized reflective index. To improve the voltage, increasing the voltage of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells is of great importance. It is believed that the PCE of tandem solar cells will beyond 30% in the near further. In this review article, the architecture and performance of perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells are briefly presented. Then the development of crucial materials for tandem solar cells is introduced, including transparent electrodes, intermediate layers, and wide bandgap perovskite solar cells. The losses in tandem solar cells is given, and the strategies for further improving performance is presented. At last, our insight about the future of perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells is presented.
李梓进, 王维燕, 李红江, 黄金华, 徐清. 钙钛矿/晶硅叠层太阳电池关键材料与技术研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(21): 21061-21071.
LI Zijin, WANG Weiyan, LI Hongjiang, HUANG Jinhua, XU Qing. Recent Progress on Key Material and Technology for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(21): 21061-21071.
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2020, Vol. 34 
