A Review on Microstructure Evolution in a Friction-induced Layer and the Self-lubricating Behavior During Dry Sliding Friction of Steels
YIN Cunhong1,2, LI Shaobo1, LIANG Yilong1,2,3
1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China 2 Guizhou Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Materials, Guiyang 550025, China 3 College of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Abstract: Due to the plastic deformation, frictional heat, oxidation and structural evolution, the friction-induced layers can not only affect friction and wear characteristics of materials, but also can induce the self-lubricating behavior under a specific condition. The researches on mechanisms of friction-induced layers and self-lubricating behavior can be used to provide an important theoretical basis for obtaining new solid lubrication methods and corresponding lubrication mechanisms without adding additives. Providing new ideas for surface wear resistance treatments and wear resistant evaluation of components. Different properties such as strength, hardness and stacking fault energy of materials will result in different micro structures evolution, refinement levels and depths of friction-induced layers. In particular, steels such as low-carbon martensitic steels and pearlitic steels with substructures such as ferrite, pro-eutectoid phase, cementite, etc., which led to different structure evolution in the friction-induced layer from other materials. Many studies have shown that nano-oxide particles can naturally form and provide a protective layer during dry sliding wear. However, different materials and structures cause different structural evolutions under plastic deformation during dry sliding, which may result in different structures and sizes of the formed nano-oxide particles. Many researches on friction-induced layers and self-lubricating behaviors have been carried out, the structure evolution caused by high strain in friction-induced layers from the aspects of cold work hardening, grain refinement and dynamic recrystallization were analyzed. Also, friction and wear characteristics of materials with different microstructures and friction-induced layers were found out. In addition, many researchers focused on the effects of friction-induced nanocrystals/structures on the friction and wear characteristics of materials. And they attempted to obtain ultra-fine grains and nanostructures using the high strain rate and high strain gradient caused by frictional contact, which show good wear resistant characteristics. In this paper, the latest research literatures of friction-induced layers are reviewed considering plastic deformation, structural evolution and mechanical properties, and the frictional external loads conditions affecting the degree of plastic deformation in the friction-induce layer are discussed. In addition, self-lubricating phenomena and the corresponding mechanism during dry sliding friction are discussed from the aspects of forming nanostructures, gradient structures and self-lubricating layers. Furthermore, it is discussed how to optimize the surface structure of materials and prefabricated self-lubricating layers to obtain excellent wear resistance of steels.
尹存宏, 李少波, 梁益龙. 钢铁材料摩擦层结构演变与干摩擦自润滑行为研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(19): 19134-19140.
YIN Cunhong, LI Shaobo, LIANG Yilong. A Review on Microstructure Evolution in a Friction-induced Layer and the Self-lubricating Behavior During Dry Sliding Friction of Steels. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(19): 19134-19140.
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