Research Progress on Compatibility of Liquid Metal and Iron-based Alloy in Lead Cooled Energy Systems
CHEN Lingzhi1, ZHOU Zhangjian1, Carsten Schroer2
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; 2 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT), Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics, Karlsruhe 76344, Germany
Abstract: Nuclear power is a kind of clean energy which can effectively solve the energy and environmental problems and has been widely developed in the world. Commercial reactors include the GenerationⅡ and Generation Ⅲ thermal neutron reactors, which have problems such as low utilization rate of uranium resources, continuous accumulation of radioactive waste and potential nuclear safety. The Generation Ⅳ energy system with higher safety and economy becomes a research hot-spot. The lead-cooled fast reactor using lead or lead-based alloys as the main coolant is considered to be one of the most promising Generation Ⅳ reactors, as liquid lead and its alloys have excellent thermal and nuclear physical pro-perties. Liquid lead is also used as target material and coolant in the accelerator driven sub-critical system and considered to be one of the most promising energy exchange media for solar thermal systems. Lead based coolant has high melting point and can operate at rather high temperature. It has obvious advantages in power generation efficiency, while the harsh service environment, such as high operation temperature, strong irradiation intensity, requires new grade high performance structural materials. Especially, most of alloys in liquid lead will suffer to significant corrosion problems due to the selective dissolution of alloying elements. The compatibility of structural materials with liquid lead is a main bottleneck for the engineering application of lead cooled energy systems. Corrosion in the lead-based coolant, includes dissolution of materials, transport between solid and liquid phases and reaction between corrosion products and impurities, which is a complex process. The factors influencing corrosion behavior include the material feature and external factors, such as the type of materials, microstructure, chemical composition and surface state, as well as the type of coolant, temperature, oxygen concentration, flow rate and corrosion time. The research on the compatibility between structural materials and liquid metals becomes the key issue for the engineering application of lead cooled energy systems. In this paper, the main problem of restricting the development of structural materials for lead-cooled energy systems is summarized, focused on the relationship between material composition and microstructure characteristics and their dissolution and oxidation behavior in liquid lead. The progress of the development of metal and non-metallic corrosion inhibitors; the compatibility between stainless steel and liquid lead, especially, the development of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels, alumina formed austenitic (AFA) steels and FeCrAl alloys application for liquid lead cooled systems are summarized and prospected. The factors affecting corrosion behavior and the related mechanism are also summarized, and the effect and movement mode of typical elements on the oxide layer during the corrosion process are analyzed, which provides a reference for the development of key structural materials promising for application in lead cooled energy systems.
作者简介: 陈灵芝,2011年毕业于北京科技大学,获得理学硕士学位,现为北京科技大学博士研究生,在周张健教授指导下进行研究学习。目前主要研究领域为ODS钢的制备,铁基合金在液态铅基合金中的相容性;周张健,北京科技大学材料学院教授、博士研究生导师。1996年在中国地质大学(北京)矿物学专业获硕士学位,2007年在北京科技大学材料学专业获博士学位。担任国际梯度材料顾问委员会(IACFGM)委员;Journal of Nuclear Materials杂志编辑顾问委员会委员;《材料导报》编委;主要从事能源系统用先进材料的研究,包括ODS钢、难熔金属、功能梯度材料、绝热材料等,出版教材2部,发表论文190篇,授权专利12项。
引用本文:
陈灵芝, 周张健, CarstenSchroer. 铅冷能源系统中液态金属与铁基合金相容性的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(5): 5096-5101.
CHEN Lingzhi, ZHOU Zhangjian, Carsten Schroer. Research Progress on Compatibility of Liquid Metal and Iron-based Alloy in Lead Cooled Energy Systems. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(5): 5096-5101.
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