Abstract: With the widespread usage of aluminum alloys, the demand for high-quality Al-Ti-B grain refiner is increasing. Fluoride salt method is the mainstream preparation method of Al-Ti-B grain refiners at home and abroad. Domestic researchers have made many efforts to improve the fluoride salt reaction preparation technology of Al-Ti-B grain refiner and obtained some research achievements. However, a breakthrough in preparing the high quality Al-Ti-B grain refiner has not been achieved. The main refining theories of Al-Ti-B grain refiner are the boron particle theory, the peritectic reaction theory and the duplex nucleation theory and so on. Among them, the duplex nucleation theory can explain the grain refining process of Al-Ti-B grain refiner well. The duplex nucleation theory indicates that if the size of the second phase TiAl3 and TiB2 is smaller, the number of the second phase TiAl3 and TiB2 is higher, the second phase TiAl3 and TiB2 is more evenly distributed, the refining performance of Al-Ti-B grain refiner is better. The thermodynamics analysis of fluoride salt reaction shows that the generation trend of TiB2 is the largest, followed by TiAl3 and AlB2 is the smallest. During 750—800 ℃, shortening the reaction time properly can guarantee the forming of the TiAl3 and avoid the forming of the AlB2 at the same time. The dynamics analysis of fluoride salt reaction shows that the forming of the TiAl3 and TiB2 composed of three steps, the decomposition of fluoride salt, the nucleation of the second phase, and the growth of the second phase. By decreasing the size of the fluoride salt, increa-sing the contact area between the decomposition gases (TiF4 and BF3) and the aluminum melt, decreasing the absolute saturation of titanium and boron, and shortening the reaction time can gain tiny and dispersive second phase. This paper mainly introduces the development history and the mainstream preparation methods of Al-Ti-B grain refiner, describes the gap and the existing problems between domestic and imported Al-Ti-B grain refiners. Based on the grain refinement mechanism of Al-Ti-B grain refiner, the thermodynamics and kinetics of fluoride reaction process, the control principle of refinement and dispersion of TiAl3 and TiB2 is discussed, the relevant control technology and potential technology are reviewed and prospected respectively.
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2020, Vol. 34 
