Abstract: Thanks to the unique two-dimensional structure and novel physical properties, graphene has attracted extensive attention. Researchers have found that graphene can produce various morphological attachment sites such as defects and chemical functional groups in the process of its own growth or compounding with other materials. These defective structures play a critical role in the special performances and applications of graphene and its composites. With the intensive study of defective graphene, the structural defects of graphene have been defined, the analyses of types and causes of defects, as well as the comparison in properties of graphene materials with and without defects have been carried out. It has been found that defects have an important effect on the performance of graphene materials, so that a variety of functionalities can be imparted to traditional carbon mate-rials. For example, high performance adsorption materials are constructed by utilizing the porous nature of defective graphene. High efficiency photocatalysts or electrode active materials are formed by using high conductivity of defective graphene. Defective graphene with large specific surface area can serve as substrate for the growth of multi-level morphology (rod-like, granular, flower-like) composites. By means of chemical or physical techniques, the defective graphene can be functionally modified, so that with the aid of graphene’s high carrier mobility and high conductivity, other materials can accelerate their charge transfer and enhance their effective charge transmission and optical properties. Moreover, the hybridization of quantum-dots and defective graphene results in an opened band structure with a certain band gap width, which enables graphene to have higher application value in electronic circuit components. The functionality and application of graphene composites are determined by the structural properties of graphene. A clear understanding of the effect of defective structure on the properties of graphene-based materials will be conducive to the rational use of defective state to interfere in the formation and expected properties of composites, so as to prepare functional materials with specific properties and application objectives. In this paper, the research results of effect of defective structure on graphene properties in recent years are analyzed and summarized. Beside intrinsic graphene, some doped graphene and graphene-based composites are reported. The novel properties of graphene-based composites caused by defective structure and the role of defective state are analyzed. It is hoped that this paper can provide some references for further study, rational utilization and construction of defective graphene.
刘刚铄, 戴树玺, 高亚鸽, 顾玉宗. 缺陷态结构:开启石墨烯特殊性质和应用之门的钥匙[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(19): 3219-3226.
LIU Gangshuo, DAI Shuxi, GAO Yage, GU Yuzong. Defective States Structure: Key to the Special Properties and Applicationsof Graphene. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(19): 3219-3226.
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2019, Vol. 33 
