1 Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Xi'an 710016 2 State-Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710016 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819
Abstract: With the continuous advance of biomedical technology and the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery, implantation of medical devices on the demand for fine metal materials is increasing. Medical wire, cardiac pacemaker wire, functional electrical stimulation device, dental appliance, cochlear implant device and other medical devices, according to its implant size and function, require the use of fine wire whose diameter ranging from 50 μm to 500 μm for processing. Traditional medical wire materials such as 316 stainless steel, NiTi shape memory alloy, TC4, etc. all contain toxic elements such as Cr and Ni. When these medical wire materials are implanted into the human body, more or less they will be corroded and worn, causing the precipitation of toxic elements, which will easily cause an inflammatory reaction and cause a great hazard. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have continuously tried to improve the performance of medical wire materials by selecting suitable substitute elements and optimizing the preparation process. And they have achieved fruitful results, while maintaining high strength and low mold while eliminating the harm caused by toxic elements. A number of new medical wire materials have appeared: Fe-17Cr-14Mn-2Mo-(0.45—0.7)N medical austenitic stainless steel, Ti-22Nb-Fe alloy, new beta titanium alloy and so on. Smaller size not only requires the performance of the material itself, but also a highly reliable welding technology, especially for the welding technology of dissimilar materials which commonly used in medical devices. The difficulty lies in the fact that the chemical composition of the diffe-rent kinds of wires makes the welding process easy to form brittle compounds, thereby deteriorating the joint performance and reducing the wel-ding reliability. In recent years, researchers have compared various welding methods such as solid-phase connection, brazed joint, and fusion-welded joint. It is found that the micro-laser welding method has high energy density, narrow weld seam, small heat-affected zone, small welding deformation, and high temperature retention. Short time, less amount of molten metal, good beam direction, and precision machining are the best results when welding dissimilar metal wires. At the same time, through the optimization of process parameters, the filling of the transition layer, the design of the fixture, the analysis of the joint failure form, and the discussion of the welding connection mechanism, the researchers mainly focused on 316LVM (low-carbon vaccum melting) stainless steel wire and TiNi shape memory alloy wire. Micro-laser welding of dissimilar metal materials have been systematically studied, and some research results have been obtained, which can greatly improve the reliability of dissimilar wire solder joints. This paper systematically combs the development and application of medical metal wire materials. Aiming at the difficulties in welding dissimilar fine metal wire materials, the research progress of welding technology of dissimilar metal wire materials is introduced from three aspects: welding method, process research and connection mechanism. The future research direction of this field is summarized and forecasted, which can help to prepare high reliability biomedical heterogeneous metal welded joint.
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2019, Vol. 33 
