构筑具有微米碳球/纳米氮化钒层核壳结构的高性能负极材料

doi:10.11896/cldb.25030077

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (10): 25030077-9 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25030077

无机非金属及其复合材料

构筑具有微米碳球/纳米氮化钒层核壳结构的高性能负极材料

李金灵^†, 李高阳^†, 何天启, 康小雅, 刘洪军, 冉奋^*

兰州理工大学储能研究院,省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,材料科学与工程学院,兰州 730050

Construction of Carbon Microspheres/Vanadium Nitride Nanolayer Core-Shell Structure for High-performance Anode Materials

LI Jinling^†, LI Gaoyang^†, HE Tianqi, KANG Xiaoya, LIU Hongjun, RAN Fen^*

Institute of Energy Storage, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

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摘要近年来,过渡金属氮化物(如氮化钒)作为超级电容器负极材料被广泛研究。遗憾的是,氮化钒在电化学环境中的不稳定性导致其难以实现高比电容。本工作合成一种氮化钒涂层碳微球核壳结构复合电极材料,即通过溶剂热结合高温热处理的方法制备了碳微球@纳米结构氮化钒,并使用SEM和TEM观察其微观结构。结果表明,碳微球直径约为1.5 μm,氮化钒外壳厚度约为70 nm;其中氮化钒的含量约为66.57%(质量分数)。由于氮化钒外壳的薄层分布和碳核的良好导电性,制备的核壳结构电极材料具有比纯氮化钒更好的电化学性能:当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,比电容为192.5 F·g^-1,高于纯氮化钒(107.1 F·g^-1);当电流密度增加到20 A·g^-1 时,比电容仍能保持初始值的55.6%。用Ni(OH)₂组装的混合超级电容器在功率密度为385 W·kg^-1时,能量密度可达24.86 Wh·kg^-1。

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关键词: 氮化钒碳微球核壳结构超级电容器

Abstract: In recent years, transition metal nitrides, especially vanadium nitride, have been extensively investigated as anode materials for supercapacitors. Unfortunately, the instability of vanadium nitride in electrochemical environments has hindered the achievement of high specific capacitance. In this contribution, a vanadium nitride coated carbon microsphere core-shell composite electrode material is synthesized, of which, carbon microsphere@nanostructured vanadium nitride is obtained by solvothermal method combined with high temperature heat treatment. The microstructure is characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the diameter of the carbon microspheres is approximately 1.5 μm, and the thickness of the vanadium nitride shell is about 70 nm, with a vanadium nitride content of 66.57wt%. Benefiting from the thin layer distribution of the vanadium nitride shell and the high conductivity of the carbon core, the as-prepared core-shell electrode demonstrates superior electrochemical performance compared to pure vanadium nitride. The carbon microspheres@nanostructured vanadium nitride achieves a specific capacitance of 192.5 F·g^-1 at 1 A·g^-1, surpassing that of pure vanadium nitride (107.1 F·g^-1);and when the current density increases to 20 A·g^-1, the composite retains 55.6% of its initial capacitance. Additionally, the hybrid supercapacitor assembled with Ni(OH)₂ can deliver an energy density of 24.86 Wh·kg^-1 at a power density of 385 W·kg^-1.

Key words: vanadium nitride carbon microspheres core-shell structure supercapacitor

发布日期: 2026-06-03

ZTFLH:

O646.21

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(52463013;52073133);兰州理工大学优秀博士学位论文培育计划

通讯作者: *冉奋,博士,兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院教授、博士研究生导师,研究方向为高分子储能材料及生物医用高分子材料等。ranfen@163.com;ranfen@lut.edu.cn

作者简介: †共同第一作者。李金灵,兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院博士研究生,在冉奋教授的指导下研究新型碳材料在储能领域的应用。李高阳,兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院硕士研究生,研究方向为新型能源材料。

引用本文:

李金灵, 李高阳, 何天启, 康小雅, 刘洪军, 冉奋. 构筑具有微米碳球/纳米氮化钒层核壳结构的高性能负极材料[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(10): 25030077-9.
LI Jinling, LI Gaoyang, HE Tianqi, KANG Xiaoya, LIU Hongjun, RAN Fen. Construction of Carbon Microspheres/Vanadium Nitride Nanolayer Core-Shell Structure for High-performance Anode Materials. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(10): 25030077-9.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25030077 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I10/25030077

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