发汗冷却多孔材料及其热防护性能研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.25040288

材料导报

2026, Vol. 40

Issue (9): 25040288-10 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25040288

金属与金属基复合材料

发汗冷却多孔材料及其热防护性能研究进展

赵金华, 曹海琳^*, 郭若枫, 张明霞

哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)材料科学与工程学院,广东深圳 518071

Research Progress on Transpiration Cooling Porous Materials and Their ThermalProtection Performance

ZHAO Jinhua, CAO Hailin^*, GUO Ruofeng, ZHANG Mingxia

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518071, Guangdong, China

摘要
参考文献
相关文章
推荐阅读
Metrics

下载:

全文 ( PDF ) ( 58648KB )
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要随着高超声速飞行器飞行速度的提高,其飞行过程中气动加热带来的热防护问题日益突出,已成为飞行器设计的关键难题。发汗冷却作为一种主动热防护技术,凭借其优异的冷却能力和耐温性能受到广泛关注,其中多孔材料特性(如孔隙结构、热导率、浸润性等)对发汗冷却效率及可靠性的影响规律和调控方法是当前研究热点。本文系统调研了国内外发汗冷却材料的研究进展,重点综述了材料体系和制备方法的发展现状,并深入分析了多孔材料的结构类型及微观结构等关键因素对其热防护性能的影响规律。最后,基于对当前研究中存在问题的梳理,总结并展望了发汗冷却多孔材料和技术的发展方向,以期为相关研究提供参考和借鉴。

	服务
	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	赵金华
	曹海琳
	郭若枫
	张明霞

关键词: 发汗冷却热防护多孔材料高速飞行器

Abstract: With the continuous increase in the flight speed of hypersonic vehicles, the thermal protection issues caused by aerodynamic heating are becoming increasingly prominent, presenting a critical challenge for hypersonic vehicle design. Transpiration cooling, as one active thermal protection technology, has gained significant attention due to its excellent cooling capacity and outstanding thermal resistance. The characteristics of porous materials—such as pore structure, thermal conductivity, and wettability—have attracted much attention for their influence on transpiration cooling efficiency and reliability. This paper systematically reviews global research progress on transpiration cooling materials, focusing on the development status of material systems and preparation methods. It further analyzes the influence of key factors, such as pore structure types and microstructural characteristics of porous materials, on their thermal protection performance. Finally, based on an examination of existing problems in current research, this paper summarizes and outlines future development directions for transpiration cooling porous materials and technologies, with the aim of providing valuable references for related studies.

Key words: transpiration cooling thermal protection porous material hypersonic vehicle

收稿日期: 2026-05-10 出版日期: 2026-05-10 发布日期: 2026-05-18

ZTFLH:

TB34

基金资助: 深圳市科技重大项目(KJZD20231023095000001)

通讯作者: ^*曹海琳,博士,哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)材料科学与工程学院教授、博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为结构功能复合材料设计、制备与性能评价。caohl@hit.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵金华,哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)材料科学与工程学院博士研究生,在曹海琳教授的指导下研究发汗冷却热防护复合材料的设计与应用。

引用本文:

赵金华, 曹海琳, 郭若枫, 张明霞. 发汗冷却多孔材料及其热防护性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(9): 25040288-10.
ZHAO Jinhua, CAO Hailin, GUO Ruofeng, ZHANG Mingxia. Research Progress on Transpiration Cooling Porous Materials and Their ThermalProtection Performance. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(9): 25040288-10.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25040288 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I9/25040288

1 Zhou Y J, Zhang Z X.Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing, 2019, 40(5), 27 (in Chinese).
周印佳, 张志贤.航天返回与遥感, 2019, 40(5), 27.
2 Mi Q, Yi S H, Gang D D, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 236, 121360.
3 Schwanekamp T.In: 19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference.Atlanta, 2014, pp.21.
4 Leontiev A I, Journal of Heat Transfer-Transactions of the ASME, 1999, 121(3), 509.
5 Jiang P X, Huang G, Zhu Y H, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 108, 232.
6 Hinse M, Yildiz K, Richer P, et al.Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2022, 36(4), 805.
7 Xu R N, Li X Y, Liao Z Y, et al.Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology) , 2021, 61(12), 1341 (in Chinese).
胥蕊娜, 李晓阳, 廖致远, 等.清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 61(12), 1341.
8 Kim L V.Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, 1993, 65(6), 1168.
9 Hermann T, McGilvray M, Naved I.AIAA Journal, 2019, 58, 830.
10 Munk D J, Selzer M, Seiler H, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 182, 121986.
11 Lioznov G L, Lushchik, V G, Yakubenko, A E. Thermal Processes in Engineering, 2012, 4(8), 338.
12 Bucchi A, Bruno C.Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, 2005, 42(3), 476.
13 Zhang B, Huang H M, Lu X L.Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2019, 39, 1775.
14 Shen L, Wang J H, Dong W J, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 105, 549.
15 Huang Z, ZhuY H, Jiang P X, et al.Journal of Propulsion and Power, 2015, 31(1), 278.
16 Ji H L, Zhang C R, Cao Y B.Materials Reports, 2008, 22 (1), 1 (in Chinese).
吉洪亮, 张长瑞, 曹英斌.材料导报, 2008, 22 (1), 1
17 Zhang F, Liu W Q.Journal of Rocket Propulsion, 2007, 33(6), 43(in Chinese).
张峰, 刘伟强.推进技术, 2007, 33(6), 43.
18 Hou Y F, Liu W Q.In: 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering.Guilin, 2011, pp.1590.
19 Huang G.Research on the single-phased and phase-changed transpiration cooling in supersonic and high temperature flow.Ph.D.Thesis, Tsinghua University, China, 2018(in Chinese).
黄干.高温与超声速条件下单相及相变发汗冷却规律研究.博士学位论文, 清华大学, 2018.
20 Huang G, Zhu Y H, Liao Z Y, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 114, 1201.
21 Zhang Z, Luo X, Peng Y B.Micromachines, 2024, 15(4), 452.
22 Peng Y B, Xu G Q, Luo X, et al.Micromachines, 2022, 13, 450.
23 Li Q, Sun J G.Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2014, 35(10), 1387 (in Chinese).
李青, 孙纪国..推进技术, 2014, 35(10), 13870
24 Sun J G, Cai G B.Journal of Aerospace Power, 2022, 37(4), 781 (in Chinese).
孙纪国, 蔡国飙.航空动力学报, 2022, 37(4), 781.
25 Li X Y, Li H, Jiang P X, et al.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2024, 45(2), 506 (in Chinese).
李晓阳, 李浩, 姜培学, 等.工程热物理学报, 2024, 45(2), 506.
26 Zhang B, Huang H M, Lu X L, et al.Acta Astronautica, 2020, 167, 117.
27 Dai Z W, Wu Y D, Zhu W J, et al.Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2023, 43(6), 36 (in Chinese).
戴志伟, 吴亚东, 朱伟健, 等.航空材料学报, 2023, 43(6), 36.
28 Huang G, Liao Z Y, Xu R N, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 159, 113870.
29 Wu N, Experimental and numerical investigations on the key problems of transpiration cooling, Ph.D.Thesis, University of Science and Technology of China, China, 2019(in Chinese).
伍楠, 发散冷却关键问题的实验和数值研究.博士学位论文, 中国科学技术大学, 2019.
30 Zhao S Y, Yang K, Zhang S, et al.Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology, 2023, 66(18), 74 (in Chinese).
赵少阳, 杨坤, 张帅, 等.航空制造技术, 2023, 66(18), 74.
31 Zhang B, Wang H, Jin X C, et al.Ceramics International, 2022, 48, 21616.
32 Chen H, Zhao Z F, Xiang H M, et al.Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2020, 38, 80.
33 Chen H, Xiang H M, Dai F Z, et al.Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019, 35, 2883.
34 Huang Z G, Hu J H, Huang W Y, et al.Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2022, 42, 5399.
35 Zheng Min.Dimensional metrology and thermo-fluid investigation on additively manufactured transpiration cooling structures.Ph.D.Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2021.
36 Mullin K M, Martin J H, Roper C S, et al.International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2024, 196, 108758
37 Selbmann A, Grubera S, Stepien L, et al. In: Conference on Laser 3D Manufacturing IX at SPIE LASE Conference.SPIE, 2022, pp.11992.
38 Liu M N, Wei K W, Deng J F, et al.Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(13), 1 (in Chinese).
刘梦娜, 魏恺文, 邓金凤, 等.激光与光电子学进展, 2021, 58(13), 1.
39 Huang G, Zheng M, Li Y, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 124, 1076.
40 Huang G, Zhu Y H, Liao Z Y, et al.International Journal of heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 131, 403.
41 Zhang K, Hickey J P, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2023, 32(20), 9253.
42 Xu R N, Cheng Z H, Jiang P X.Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society, 2023, 164, 19.
43 Sun H O, Ma H F, Yan L Y, et al.In: International Conference on Marine Equipment & Technology and Sustainable Development.Beijing, 2023, pp.631.
44 Kilic M.Thermal Science, 2019, 23(5), 3025.
45 Huang Z, Zhu Y H, Jiang P X, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2017, 114, 1201.
46 Liu Y Q, Xiong Y B, Jiang P X, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 62, 362.
47 Pan M J, Zhou Q, Huang Z Q.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 246, 122916.
48 Langener T, Wolfersdorf J V, Selzer M, et al.International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2012, 54, 70.
49 Xu G Q, Liu Y P, Luo X, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015, 91, 898.
50 Yang Y, Zhang B, Fan X L.Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2024, 38 (3), 311.
51 Yang Y, Zhang B, Fan X L.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 243, 122633.
52 Li X Y, Liao Z Y, Li H, et al. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 224, 125290.
53 Chen W J, Wang K, Wang Y Q, et al.International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2024, 197, 108755.
54 Cheng Z L, Xu R N, Jiang P X.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2023, 205, 123862.
55 Shen L, Wang J H. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 127, 58.
56 Ma H F, Sun H O, Fu H, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 235, 121394.
57 Chen Y, Du S, Li D, et al.Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer , 2020, 15(19), 1
58 Wu N, Wang J H, He F, et al. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 127, 882.
59 Jin S S, Jiang P X, Sun J G.Journal of Aerospace Power, 2008, 23(12), 2346 (in Chinese).
金韶山, 姜培学, 孙纪国.航空动力学报, 2008, 23(12), 2346.
60 Wang D, Pan K, Liu Y X, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 241, 122324.
61 He F, Liu T L, Ding R, et al.Results in Engineering, 2023, 20, 101549
62 Liu T L, Lyu Y M, Luan Y, et al.Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2024, 56(1), 121 (in Chinese).
刘韬略, 吕玉妹, 栾芸, 等.力学学报, 2024, 56(1), 121.
63 Ding R, Wang J H, He F, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 169, 114949.
64 Skamniotis C, Cocks A.International Journal of Fatigue, 2021, 151, 106304.
65 Zhou Z H, Lv Y M, He F, et al.International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2024, 201, 109019.
66 Sun H O, Ma H F, Yan L Y, et al.In: International Conference on Marine Equipment & Technology and Sustainable Development.Beijing, 2023, pp.631.
67 Dong W J, Wang J H, Chen S Y, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 128, 381.
68 Liu Y Q, Jiang P X, Xiong Y B, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013, 50, 997.
69 Chen X Y, Wang L Y, Chen W H, et al.Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021, 47 (8), 1594 (in Chinese).
陈星宇, 王丽燕, 陈伟华, 等.北京航空航天大学学报, 2021, 47(8), 1594.
70 Su HHe F, Wang J H, et al.International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2021, 161, 106743.
71 Connolly J M.In: AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum.California, 2021, pp.13.
72 Wang J H, Zhao L J, Wang X C, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 2014, 75, 442.
73 Huang G, Zhu Y H, Liao Z Y, et al.Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 2020, 15, 036016.
74 Dickstein D, Danny D K, Nadvornick W.Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2022, 36(4), 907.
75 Wu N, Wang J H, Dong W J, et al.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 116, 685.
76 Qian K, Wang J H, He F, et al.Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 158, 113753.
77 Lv X Z, Yuan C, Bao W M, et al.Science China, 2022, 65, 1.

[1]	庞淼, 钟天源, 潘勇, 齐延新, 黄宇彬. 含硼荧光材料及其在硼中子俘获治疗中的应用[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(5): 24090118-6.
[2]	刘忠宇, 丁晨曦, 方镇, 吕镖, 胡振峰, 王浩旭, 柳泉. 高温防护铱合金改性的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(21): 24090001-13.
[3]	王伟超, 汪刘应, 刘顾, 黄洁, 葛超群. 气凝胶吸波材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(18): 24090084-9.
[4]	郭适, 郭启麟, 张瀛博, 巴泓雨, 陆相林, 刘会娥, 陈爽. 石墨烯/碳纳米管复合多孔材料用于光热辅助高黏重油吸附[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(13): 24050053-6.
[5]	王泽铭, 戴志伟, 彭康, 苏磊, 王红洁, 杜玉森. 主动热防护技术及自发汗冷却材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(21): 23060076-6.
[6]	朱子健, 胡鹏博, 冯驰. 多孔材料毛细滞后现象研究综述[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(12): 23030281-10.
[7]	王梓霄, 熊良涛, 李浩源. 共价有机框架材料的热导和热电应用研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2024, 38(12): 24040129-8.
[8]	俞彦飞, 王暄, 高鑫, 宁锋, 张浩鹏, 岳红彦. 基于定向冷冻技术构建的多孔材料及其应用[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(5): 21050074-11.
[9]	薛云嘉, 刘家臣. 柔性纤维毡的制备及弹性与隔热性能研究[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(3): 21030042-6.
[10]	陈斐, RannalterLeana Ziwen, 宋尚斌, 曹诗雨, 沈强. 氧化物固体电解质的三维框架结构设计及在全固态锂离子电池中的应用[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(19): 22020093-15.
[11]	关洪达, 张涛, 何新波. C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料研究与应用现状[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(16): 21090178-10.
[12]	黄世杰, 赵春霞, 王硕, 黄浩然, 李嘉鑫, 李辉, 向东, 李云涛. 聚苯乙烯/α-磷酸锆多孔材料制备及油水乳液分离研究[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(16): 21110076-9.
[13]	秦若男, 果春焕, 李艳春, 邵帅齐, 姜风春. 多孔金属材料阻尼性能的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(15): 21100001-10.
[14]	吴靓, 周子坤, 姬丽, 肖逸锋, 张乾坤. 多孔Ni-Cu-Ti电极的制备及析氢性能[J]. 材料导报, 2023, 37(13): 21100074-9.
[15]	汤倩茜, 陈栋航, 张春杰, 王钢, 郭利民. 沸石分子筛用于挥发性有机物吸附的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(Z1): 21050144-9.

[1]	Yanzhen WANG, Mingming CHEN, Chengyang WANG. Preparation and Electrochemical Properties Characterization of High-rate SiO₂/C Composite Materials[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(3): 357 -361 .
[2]	Yimeng XIA, Shuai WU, Feng TAN, Wei LI, Qingmao WEI, Chungang MIN, Xikun YANG. Effect of Anionic Groups of Cobalt Salt on the Electrocatalytic Activity of Co-N-C Catalysts[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(3): 362 -367 .
[3]	Qingshun GUAN,Jian LI,Ruyuan SONG,Zhaoyang XU,Weibing WU,Yi JING,Hongqi DAI,Guigan FANG. A Survey on Preparation and Application of Aerogels Based on Nanomaterials[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(3): 384 -390 .
[4]	Lijing YANG,Zhengxian LI,Chunliang HUANG,Pei WANG,Jianhua YAO. Producing Hard Material Coatings by Laser-assisted Cold Spray:a Technological Review[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(3): 412 -417 .
[5]	Zhiqiang QIAN,Zhijian WU,Shidong WANG,Huifang ZHANG,Haining LIU,Xiushen YE,Quan LI. Research Progress in Preparation of Superhydrophobic Coatings on Magnesium Alloys and Its Application[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(1): 102 -109 .
[6]	Wen XI,Zheng CHEN,Shi HU. Research Progress of Deformation Induced Localized Solid-state Amorphization in Nanocrystalline Materials[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(1): 116 -121 .
[7]	Xing LIANG, Guohua GAO, Guangming WU. Research Development of Vanadium Oxide Serving as Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(1): 12 -33 .
[8]	Hao ZHANG,Yongde HUANG,Yue GUO,Qingsong LU. Technological and Process Advances in Robotic Friction Stir Welding[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(1): 128 -134 .
[9]	Laima LUO, Mengyao XU, Xiang ZAN, Xiaoyong ZHU, Ping LI, Jigui CHENG, Yucheng WU. Progress in Irradiation Damage of Tungsten and Tungsten AlloysUnder Different Irradiation Particles[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(1): 41 -46 .
[10]	Fengsen MA,Yan YU,Jie ZHANG,Haibo CHEN. A State-of-the-art Review of Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Biomaterials[J]. Materials Reports, 2018, 32(1): 76 -85 .

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed