ZrO2添加对六铝酸钙陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响

doi:10.11896/cldb.24110086

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (15): 24110086-5 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24110086

无机非金属及其复合材料

ZrO₂添加对六铝酸钙陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响

尹雪亮¹, 王慧芳¹, 杨茜¹, 徐磊^2,*, 马北越²

1 山西工程技术学院材料科学与工程系,山西阳泉 045000
2 东北大学冶金学院,沈阳 110819

Optimizing the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Calcium Hexaluminate Ceramics by ZrO₂ Addition

YIN Xueliang¹, WANG Huifang¹, YANG Xi¹, XU Lei^2,*, MA Beiyue²

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan 045000, Shanxi, China
2 School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China

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摘要六铝酸钙因其优异的断裂韧性、化学稳定性及耐高温性能在高温陶瓷及耐火材料领域有着广泛应用。但其各向异性生长会严重影响烧结性能,导致其完全致密化温度往往高于1 750 ℃。针对这一问题,本工作通过添加ZrO₂对六铝酸钙单相陶瓷烧结活性进行了优化,并探究了ZrO₂添加对其致密化行为、微观结构和力学性能的影响规律及作用机理。研究发现,板片状晶粒的形成是六铝酸钙陶瓷难烧结的主要原因,1 600 ℃烧成后显气孔率依然高达26.7%。Zr⁴⁺能替代Al³⁺均匀固溶在六铝酸钙晶粒中,导致其烧结活性和晶粒生长速率显著提高。此外,晶粒的各向异性生长也由于固溶反应而受到抑制,晶粒尺寸纵横比显著下降,从而加快了板片状结构两侧离子的层间扩散,导致陶瓷结构均匀性、致密度及力学性能大幅提升,微观结构中仅残留有少量微气孔。当ZrO₂添加量为3%(质量分数)时,六铝酸钙陶瓷的相对密度由71.5%提升至93.7%,抗折强度和断裂韧性分别由128 MPa和3.5 MPa·m^1/2增加至228 MPa和5.6 MPa·m^1/2,分别提升了78%和60%,1 550 ℃下稳定蠕变阶段的蠕变应变速率下降约1个数量级。

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	尹雪亮
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关键词: 六铝酸钙陶瓷 ZrO₂ 微观结构力学性能烧结行为

Abstract: Calcium hexaluminate(CaAl₁₂O₁₉) is widely used in high-temperature ceramics and refractories due to its excellent fracture toughness, che-mical stability, and high refractoriness. However, its anisotropic grain growth adversely affects its sintering behavior, requiring temperatures of over 1 750 ℃ for full densification. This work investigated the influence of ZrO₂ addition on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of CaAl₁₂O₁₉ ceramics. The poor sinterability of calcium hexaluminate ceramics is primarily attributed to the formation of plate-like CaAl₁₂O₁₉ crystals, which results in an apparent porosity of 26.7% after sintering at 1 600 ℃. The added Zr⁴⁺ can be uniformly dissolved in the CaAl₁₂O₁₉ grains by substituting Al³⁺ in the mirror planes, thereby enhancing the sintering activity and grain growth. Additionally, the formation of substitutional solid solutions effectively suppresses anisotropic crystal growth and reduces the aspect ratio, accelerating the ion diffusion along both sides of the plate-like grains. The relative density increases from 71.5% to 93.7% with the addition of 3wt% ZrO₂, while the homogeneity of the microstructure is significantly improved, with only a few residual micro-pores. These changes lead to a substantial enhancement of the mechanical properties of calcium hexaluminate ceramics, with the flexural strength and fracture toughness increasing from 128 MPa and 3.5 MPa·m^1/2 to 228 MPa and 5.6 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in the creep rate by one order of magnitude is achieved at 1 550 ℃ by ZrO₂ addition.

Key words: CaAl₁₂O₁₉ ceramics ZrO₂ microstructure mechanical property sintering behavior

出版日期: 2025-08-10 发布日期: 2025-08-13

ZTFLH:

TQ175.1

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(51804075);中国博士后科学基金(2021MD703794)

通讯作者: 徐磊,博士,东北大学冶金学院副教授、博士研究生导师。目前主要从事高温陶瓷及耐火材料、冶金二次资源高效资源化利用及碳捕集与碳封存等方面的研究工作。xul@smm.neu.edu.cn

作者简介: 尹雪亮,博士,山西工程技术学院材料科学与工程系副教授、硕士研究生导师。目前主要从事高温陶瓷及耐火材料、冶金二次资源高效资源化利用等方面的研究工作。

引用本文:

尹雪亮, 王慧芳, 杨茜, 徐磊, 马北越. ZrO₂添加对六铝酸钙陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(15): 24110086-5.
YIN Xueliang, WANG Huifang, YANG Xi, XU Lei, MA Beiyue. Optimizing the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Calcium Hexaluminate Ceramics by ZrO₂ Addition. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(15): 24110086-5.

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https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24110086 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I15/24110086

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