高电压双电层超级电容器电解质的研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.24030012

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (9): 24030012-8 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24030012

无机非金属及其复合材料

高电压双电层超级电容器电解质的研究进展

徐桂培¹, 刘浩^2,3, 赖洁文¹, 卢毅锋¹, 黄辉¹, 易宗琳², 邸会芳², 王振兵², 苏方远², 陈成猛^2,*

1 广东电网有限责任公司云浮供电局,广东云浮 527300
2 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,太原 030001
3 中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京 100049

Research Progress of Electrolytes for High-voltage Electrochemical Double-layer Capacitors

XU Guipei¹, LIU Hao^2,3, LAI Jiewen¹, LU Yifeng¹, HUANG Hui¹, YI Zonglin², DI Huifang², WANG Zhenbing², SU Fangyuan², CHEN Chengmeng^2,*

1 Yunfu Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation, Yunfu 527300, Guangdong, China
2 Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
3 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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摘要双电层超级电容器(EDLC)因功率密度高、循环寿命长、安全可靠而应用广泛,但较低的能量密度限制了其进一步发展。提高其能量密度的最有效方法是拓宽工作电压窗口,影响EDLC工作电压窗口的主要因素是电解质在高电压下的稳定性。本文综述了近年来高电压EDLC电解质的研究进展,包括水系电解液、有机电解液、离子液体和凝胶电解质,从电解质组分设计、耐高电压的溶剂分子及阴阳离子的开发、加入功能添加剂等策略入手,着重讨论了水系“盐包水”电解液、有机体系功能添加剂、离子液体的阴阳离子调控和凝胶电解质的设计思路和原理。文末给出了高电压EDLC电解质的挑战及应对策略。

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	徐桂培
	刘浩
	赖洁文
	卢毅锋
	黄辉
	易宗琳
	邸会芳
	王振兵
	苏方远
	陈成猛

关键词: 超级电容器电解质高电压电解质设计功能添加剂

Abstract: Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) have a wide application due to their advantages such as high power density, long cycle life, safety and reliability. However, lower energy density limits their development. To increase the energy density, widening the operating vol-tage window has been found to be the most effective method. The high voltage stability of the electrolyte is considered the main influencing factor of the operating voltage window of EDLCs. This paper provides a review of recent research progress on high voltage electrolytes for EDLCs, including aqueous electrolytes, organic electrolytes, ionic liquids, and gel electrolytes. The design of high voltage electrolyte components, including new solvent molecules and anions, and incorporating functional additives are discussed. The principles and the design of high voltage electrolyte of salt-in-water for aqueous electrolytes, functional additives for organic electrolytes, and anion/cation modulation for ionic liquids and gel electrolytes are highlighted. Finally suggestions for the issues challenging the development of high-voltage EDLC electrolytes are presented.

Key words: supercapacitor electrolyte high voltage design of electrolyte functional additive

出版日期: 2025-05-10 发布日期: 2025-04-28

ZTFLH:

O646.1

基金资助: 山西省重点研发计划(2021020660301013);山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项(20201102018)

通讯作者: ^*陈成猛,博士,中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所研究员、博士研究生导师。主要从事先进炭材料与储能器件的研究工作。ccm@sxicc.ac.cn

作者简介: 徐桂培,广东电网有限责任公司云浮郁南供电局生产计划部副经理、高级工程师。目前主要从事配电生产技术、智能创新工作。

引用本文:

徐桂培, 刘浩, 赖洁文, 卢毅锋, 黄辉, 易宗琳, 邸会芳, 王振兵, 苏方远, 陈成猛. 高电压双电层超级电容器电解质的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(9): 24030012-8.
XU Guipei, LIU Hao, LAI Jiewen, LU Yifeng, HUANG Hui, YI Zonglin, DI Huifang, WANG Zhenbing, SU Fangyuan, CHEN Chengmeng. Research Progress of Electrolytes for High-voltage Electrochemical Double-layer Capacitors. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(9): 24030012-8.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24030012 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I9/24030012

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