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材料导报  2025, Vol. 39 Issue (20): 24100155-8    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24100155
  金属与金属基复合材料 |
钨及钨合金基体热阴极的研究进展
袁志谦1,2,3, 周增林1,2,3,*, 李艳2, 何学良2, 陈文帅1,2,3, 张婉婷1,2,3
1 有研科技集团有限公司智能传感功能材料国家重点实验室,北京 100088
2 有研工程技术研究院有限公司,北京 101407
3 北京有色金属研究总院,北京 100088
Research Progress of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Matrix Hot Cathode
YUAN Zhiqian1,2,3, ZHOU Zenglin1,2,3,*, LI Yan2, HE Xueliang2, CHEN Wenshuai1,2,3, ZHANG Wanting1,2,3
1 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, GRINM Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
2 GRIMAT Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
3 General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China
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摘要 热电子发射研究了百余年,目前新型电子器件的快速发展导致对具有增强发射特性(如更高的电流密度,更均匀的发射,更低的工作温度和更长的使用寿命)的阴极需求激增。本文综述了近几十年来热阴极的研究进展,并详细讨论了各种热阴极的发射特性与其组成、结构和制造方法之间的关系,概述了固固掺杂法、固液掺杂法、液液掺杂法等基体制备方法的优缺点以及其对阴极发射性能的影响。此外,还梳理了钡钨阴极、覆膜阴极、混合基阴极和钪系阴极的发射机制,展示了该领域的最新研究成果,其中钪系阴极尤其是混合基顶层含钪阴极由于其优异的发射性能而被认为是最具发展潜力的阴极体系。尽管其制备方法多种多样,但适用于热阴极的高均匀、高可靠钨及钨合金基体制造仍然存在挑战。钨合金基体在发射过程中的微观结构变化尚不明晰,发射机理解释存在局限性,均有待探明和扩充。
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袁志谦
周增林
李艳
何学良
陈文帅
张婉婷
关键词:  扩散阴极  混合基阴极  发射机理  钪钨  掺杂    
Abstract: Thermal electron emission has been studied more than 100 years, recently, the rapid development of electronic devices has led to a cathodic demand surge with enhanced emission properties (such as higher current density, more uniform launch, lower operating temperature and longer service life). This paper reviews the research progress of the thermionic cathode in recent decades, and the relationship between the emission characteristics and composition, structure, and method of diffusion cathode is discussed in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of matrix preparation methods such as solid-solid doping, solid-liquid doping, liquid-liquid doping and spray drying are introduced, and their effects on cathode emission performance are summarized in the same. In addition, the emission mechanism of barium tungsten cathode, coating cathode, mixed-matrix cathode, and scandium cathode, as well as the latest research results in this field have been showed, where the scandium cathode, especially the mixed-matrix top-layer scandium cathode, is considered to be the most valuable cathode due to its outstanding emission perfor-mance. Despite the variety of manufacturing methods, there are still challenges in manufacturing a cathode matrix with high uniformity and high reliability suitable for diffusion cathodes. The microstructure evolution of tungsten alloy matrix during the emission process is unclear, and the explaining of the emission mechanism has limitations, all of which need to be explored and expanded.
Key words:  diffusion cathode    mixed-matrix cathode    emission mechanism    scandium tungsten    doping
发布日期:  2025-10-27
ZTFLH:  TG146.4  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金(U2341209);“十四五”预先研究项目(31512010602)
通讯作者:  *周增林,博士,北京有色金属研究总院正高级工程师、博士研究生导师。主要从事真空电子器件用热阴极材料、先进难熔金属材料及强韧化等的研究。zhouzenglin@grinm.com   
作者简介:  袁志谦,北京有色金属研究总院博士研究生,在周增林教授的指导下进行研究工作。目前主要研究领域为真空电子器件用热阴极材料。
引用本文:    
袁志谦, 周增林, 李艳, 何学良, 陈文帅, 张婉婷. 钨及钨合金基体热阴极的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(20): 24100155-8.
YUAN Zhiqian, ZHOU Zenglin, LI Yan, HE Xueliang, CHEN Wenshuai, ZHANG Wanting. Research Progress of Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Matrix Hot Cathode. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(20): 24100155-8.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24100155  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I20/24100155
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