3D打印混凝土的长期性能研究进展

doi:10.11896/cldb.24030165

材料导报

2025, Vol. 39

Issue (13): 24030165-13 https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.24030165

无机非金属及其复合材料

3D打印混凝土的长期性能研究进展

张大旺¹, 许晓光¹, 李辉^1,2,3,*

1 西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安 710055
2 教育部生态水泥工程研究中心,西安 710055
3 陕西省生态水泥混凝土工程技术研究中心,西安 710055

Research Progress on Long-term Performance of 3D Printed Concrete

ZHANG Dawang¹, XU Xiaoguang¹, LI Hui^1,2,3,*

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
2 Ecological Cement Engineering Research Center of Ministry, Xi’an 710055, China
3 Shaanxi Ecologicai Cement Concrete Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi’an 710055, China

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摘要与传统的浇筑混凝土相比,3D打印混凝土(3DPC)施工技术因具有绿色环保和无模板化施工的特点,可提高施工效率和安全性,近年来在建筑行业广受青睐。然而,由于逐层打印过程中形成的薄弱层——层间冷缝,其孔隙含量较高,层间缺陷增加,可能导致抗冻性问题。同时3DPC独特的养护制度(经打印沉积后暴露于高蒸发率的干燥环境中)导致混凝土失水速率加快,产生收缩裂缝,加速混凝土劣化开裂。上述问题势必会对服役于严酷外部环境中的打印构件的长期性能产生不利影响,这一问题已成为3D打印混凝土大规模商业化的瓶颈之一。本文对影响3DPC耐久性的流变参数、打印参数、固化方式、孔隙率、孔隙连通性因素等进行详细综述。鉴于在长期服役过程中,抗冻融破坏和早期收缩开裂性能对3DPC耐久性的影响更为显著,本文着重分析了3DPC的抗冻融循环、早期收缩性的演变过程,为解决工程中出现的耐久性问题提供有效参考,同时提供一些可行性建议、措施,避免或缓解实际应用中所面临的问题,以期推动本行业的快速发展。

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	张大旺
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关键词: 3D打印混凝土流变特性孔隙结构抗冻性收缩性固化方式

Abstract: Compared with traditional pouring concrete, 3D printed concrete (3DPC) construction technology has been widely favored in the construction industry in recent years due to the characteristics of green environmental protection and template free construction, which can improve construction efficiency and safety. However, the weak interlayer cold joints, formed during the layer by layer printing process, have high pore content, increasing the interlayer defects, which may lead to frost resistance issues of the 3DPC. At the same time, owing to the unique curing system of high evaporation rate dry environment after printing and deposition, the water loss rate of 3DPC is accelerated, resulting in shrinkage cracks and accelerating the deterioration and cracking of concrete. The above-mentioned issues will inevitably have an impact on the long-term performance of 3DPC serviced in harsh external environments, which has become one of the bottlenecks in the large-scale commercialization of 3DPC buildings. This summary provides a detailed overview of the rheological parameters, printing parameters, curing methods, porosity, and pore connectivity that affect the durability of 3DPC. Because the impact of freeze-thaw damage and early shrinkage cracking performance on 3DPC is more significant in its long-term performance, here focuses on analyzing the evolution process of 3DPC’s freeze-thaw resistance cycle and early shrinkage, providing effective reference for solving durability problems in engineering. Then provides some feasible suggestions and measures to avoid or alleviate the problems faced in practical applications. This work is excepted to promote the rapid development of 3DPC’s application.

Key words: 3D printed concrete rheological characteristics pore structure frost resistance contractility curing mode

出版日期: 2025-07-10 发布日期: 2025-07-21

ZTFLH:

TU528

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金青年项目(52002307);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(21JY020)

通讯作者: *李辉,博士,西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院院长、教授、博士研究生导师。目前主要从事固体废弃物资源化利用、生态材料低碳制备、建筑混凝土3D打印等方面的研究。sunshine_lihui@126.com

作者简介: 张大旺,博士,西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院副教授、硕士研究生导师。主要从事固体资源化利用与3D打印建筑材料方面的研究。

引用本文:

张大旺, 许晓光, 李辉. 3D打印混凝土的长期性能研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2025, 39(13): 24030165-13.
ZHANG Dawang, XU Xiaoguang, LI Hui. Research Progress on Long-term Performance of 3D Printed Concrete. Materials Reports, 2025, 39(13): 24030165-13.

链接本文:

https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.24030165 或 https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2025/V39/I13/24030165

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