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材料导报  2026, Vol. 40 Issue (7): 25040257-15    https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.25040257
  高分子与聚合物基复合材料 |
木材表面颜色修饰研究进展
秦春花1,†, 包韫辉2,†, 王超纯3,4, 王姗姗5, 王玮1,*
1 南京林业大学家居与工业设计学院,南京 210037
2 南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院,南京 210037
3 湖南农业大学农学院,长沙 410128
4 岳麓山实验室,长沙 410128
5 浙江工业大学化学工程学院,杭州 310014
Advances in Research of Wood Surface Color Modification
QIN Chunhua1,†, BAO Yunhui2,†, WANG Chaochun3,4, WANG Shanshan5, WANG Wei1,*
1 College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
4 Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
5 College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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摘要 木材作为一种可再生生物质资源,凭借优良的物理力学性能,在建筑、家具和装饰等领域已经得到广泛应用。木材表面颜色源于其化学组分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)与物理结构(孔隙分布、纤维排列及表面粗糙度)的协同作用。其中,木质素的苯丙烷共轭体系通过光吸收主导木材的暖色调基调;纤维素与半纤维素的热解及氧化反应生成羰基和共轭发色团,引发黄变至褐变;而木材的多层级孔隙结构和纤维取向则通过调控光的散射与折射模式,影响色彩的明度与饱和度。木材表面颜色和纹理是木材产生自然亲和性的直接因素,珍稀木材的材色和纹理广受人们所喜爱,但其昂贵的价格和有限的产量限制了其木质材料装饰市场的蓬勃发展。因此,对普通木材表面颜色进行修饰处理,提升其装饰效果的同时实现“劣材优用”具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来木材表面颜色修饰的研究进展,重点介绍了热处理、漂白、染色和涂饰等加工方法对木材表面颜色和纹理的影响,包括热处理前后,木材表面颜色在光照、温度等外界因素作用下的变化机制;利用漂白技术对木材中的天然色素进行化学或生物处理过程中,木材表面颜色和化学组成的变化情况,以及漂白过程对环境的影响;染色处理时,木材色彩随染料分子与木材纤维相互作用的不同,呈现多样化的变化趋势;涂饰技术在改善木材外观的基础上,对木材其他性能如耐久性和抗老化性能的影响规律。最后,对木材表面颜色修饰技术的发展趋势进行了展望,并从推广应用和环保可持续的角度提出木材表面修饰技术的发展方向,以期为生物质资源的高效和高附加值利用奠定坚实基础。
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秦春花
包韫辉
王超纯
王姗姗
王玮
关键词:  木材改性  颜色修饰  热处理  木材漂白  染色处理  涂饰技术    
Abstract: As a renewable biomass resource with excellent physical and mechanical properties, wood has been widely used in construction, furniture, and decoration. The surface color of wood is influenced by the synergistic effects of its chemical components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and its physical structure (such as pore distribution, fiber arrangement, and surface roughness). The phenylpropane conjugate system in lignin plays a key role in producing the warm tones of wood through light absorption. The pyrolysis and oxidation of cellulose and hemicellulose generate carbonyl groups and conjugated chromophores, which cause wood yellowing and browning. Additionally, wood’s multilayered pore structure and fiber orientation affect its brightness and saturation by modulating light scattering and refraction patterns. Wood’s surface color and texture significantly contribute to its natural aesthetic appeal. The color and texture of rare woods are highly valued, but their high cost and limited availability restrict their broader use in wood material decoration. Therefore, modifying the surface color of common wood to enhance its decorative effect is of great importance. This approach not only makes wood more attractive but also supports the “excellent use of inferior wood.” Recent research on wood surface color modification, focuses on the effects of heat treatment, bleaching, dyeing, and finishing on the surface color and texture of wood. It explores how heat treatment causes changes in the wood’s surface color under various light, temperature, and external factors, along with the mechanisms behind these changes. The chemical and biological processes used in bleaching affect the natural color in wood and result in changes to the wood’s surface color and chemical composition. This work also examines the environmental impact of bleac-hing technologies. The diversification in wood color during dyeing treatment, caused by the interactions between dye molecules and wood fibers, is another trend covered. Additionally, the influence of finishing technologies on wood’s appearance, durability, and aging resistance is discussed. Finally the paper addresses future development trends in wood surface color finishing technologies, proposes directions for wood surface finishing from the perspectives of widespread application and environmental sustainability aiming at laying a solid foundation for the efficient, high-value utilization of biomass resources.
Key words:  wood modification    color enhancement    thermal treatment    wood bleaching    dyeing process    surface coating/finishing
发布日期:  2026-04-16
ZTFLH:  S781.7  
基金资助: 国家社科基金艺术学项目(2023BG01252);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX24_1301)
通讯作者:  *王玮,博士,南京林业大学工业与设计学院教授、博士研究生导师。从事文化产业研究、智能家具设计、旅游文创产品设计、工业设计与理论研究、产品艺术设计。wangwei1219@njfu.edu.cn   
作者简介:  秦春花,南京林业大学家具与工业设计学院硕士研究生,在冯鑫浩老师和王玮教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究方向为木材染色工艺。
包韫辉,南京林业大学材料科学与工程学院博士研究生,在周建斌教授的指导下进行研究。目前主要研究方向为木材纳米材料。
†共同第一作者
引用本文:    
秦春花, 包韫辉, 王超纯, 王姗姗, 王玮. 木材表面颜色修饰研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2026, 40(7): 25040257-15.
QIN Chunhua, BAO Yunhui, WANG Chaochun, WANG Shanshan, WANG Wei. Advances in Research of Wood Surface Color Modification. Materials Reports, 2026, 40(7): 25040257-15.
链接本文:  
https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/10.11896/cldb.25040257  或          https://www.mater-rep.com/CN/Y2026/V40/I7/25040257
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